离子吸附型稀土矿床的诱导成矿学研究  

A Possible Direction for Induced Metallogeny:Making New Ion-adsorption REE Deposits

作　　者：李宁波[1,2,3] 王焰 朱建喜[1,2,3] 杨武斌 LI Ningbo;WANG Christina Yan;ZHU Jianxi;YANG Wubin(CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所矿物学与成矿学重点实验室/广东省矿物物理与材料研究开发重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]中国科学院深地科学卓越创新中心,广东广州510640 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《大地构造与成矿学》2024年第2期293-301,共9页Geotectonica et Metallogenia

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2019B030302013);广东省自然科学基金项目(2022A1515010406);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(Y2021095)联合资助。

摘　　要：诱导成矿学的核心理念是针对低品位矿石、尾矿和具有成矿潜力岩石中的关键金属资源,通过人工干预手段诱导目标金属元素活化和富集,在有限的时间尺度内形成具有经济价值的可利用资源。离子吸附型稀土矿床是全球稀土资源的主要来源之一,近年来为全球提供了80%以上的中、重稀土资源供给。该类矿床的形成主要受控于内生稀土初始富集和表生风化淋积成矿两个过程,而后者对于成矿极为关键。由于我国华南地区具有适宜形成离子吸附型稀土矿床的气候条件、大量出露的花岗质岩石及风化壳,因此对该地区开展人工诱导成矿技术研发将具有重要应用前景。通过分析离子吸附型稀土矿床形成的控制因素,预计可选择具有成矿潜力的花岗岩、含稀土风化壳和低品位矿床作为主要诱导成矿对象。通过调控地形地貌、生态、水文和风化壳物理化学条件等加速风化进程,促进稀土元素释放,引导稀土元素定向迁移,并在指定位置进行沉淀成矿,形成具有经济价值的富集稀土的矿体。特别是在该过程中可控制轻重稀土元素的分异,促使其形成富集重稀土的矿体,为解决全球重稀土资源紧缺和保障重稀土资源持续供给提供有效实施方案。因此,对离子吸附型矿床开展诱导成矿学研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值,可作为诱导成矿学的重点研究方向之一。Induced metallogeny is a new interdiscipline that focuses on artificial enhancements of activation and enrichment of ore-forming elements and transformation of low-grade ores and tailings into economic mineral resources.As a type of superficial deposit,ion-adsorption REE deposits are a significant source of global REE resources,providing over 80%of HREE in recent years.The mineralization of these deposits is primarily controlled by the REE contents of the protoliths and exogenetic conditions,with the latter being crucial for their formation.South China has suitable climate and widely exposed granitic rocks that are conducive to the generation of ion-adsorption REE deposits.Therefore,this area is well suited for developing induced metallogeny of ion-adsorption REE deposits,with significant application prospects.In this study,we propose that REE-rich granitic protoliths,low-grade REE deposits,and weathering crusts of granitic rocks can serve as targets for the induced formation of new ion-adsorption REE deposits.Through changing terrain,hydrological,physicochemical,and ecological conditions of these targets,we can facilitate REE liberation,control REE migration and precipitation,and ultimately produce new ion-adsorption REE deposits.Specifically,by controlling the fractionation of LREE and HREE during these processes,ion-adsorption HREE deposits can be generated.This offers a potential solution to the continuous supply of the globally scarce HREE resources.Therefore,conducting induced metallogeny research on ion-adsorption deposits holds significant theoretical significance and practical application value.This is one of the key research directions in induced metallogeny.

关 键 词：诱导成矿学 离子吸附型稀土矿床 风化过程 稀土元素迁移沉淀 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学] P611[天文地球—地质学]