农机农艺融合的高效割胶技术优化设计与应用  

Optimal design and application of high-efficiency rubber tapping technology based on the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy

作　　者：王玲玲 陈娃容 吴思浩 黄敞[1,2] 郑勇 黎土煜[1,2] Wang Lingling;Chen Warong;Wu Sihao;Huang Chang;Zheng Yong;Li Tuyu(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,571101,China;Mechanical Sub-center of National Important Tropical Crops Engineering Technology Research Center,Haikou,571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海口市571101 [2]国家重要热带作物工程技术研究中心机械分中心,海口市571101

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第5期22-28,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000600);海南省自然科学基金项目(522RC788)。

摘　　要：割胶是橡胶树收获胶乳的重要途径,便携式机械化割胶是实现产业升级和节本增效的途径之一。为进一步提高机械割胶效果,根据采胶生理特殊性、割胶工况复杂多变性、橡胶树收获物胶乳黏弹特性、橡胶树生长差异性、割胶形式多样性等农机农艺融合问题对割胶机械的设计需求,优化设计便携式电动割胶装备的切割刀片、电子调速器、导向器等零部件。优化结果表明:采用刃高≥10 mm的刀片割胶,可以轻松切断旧胶线;电子调速器在电机转速为3 201~8 459 r/min区间调速时,灵敏度高,单次割胶轨迹连续平稳;导向器形状从“L”型优化为“T”型,减少旧胶线对割胶机械的干预。优化后的技术,提高便携式割胶机械对割胶农艺的适应性,降低操作技术难度和单株割胶时间,胶工更容易快速掌握。Rubber tapping is an important way to harvest latex from rubber trees,and handheld mechanical rubber tapping is one of the ways to upgrade the industry and improve efficiency.In order to further improve the mechanical rubber tapping effect,cutting blade,electronic governor,guide of rubber tapping equipment were optimized and designed according to the design requirements of rubber cutting machinery caused by the particularity of rubber tapping physiology,the complexity and flexibility of rubber tapping condition,the viscous-elastic behaviour of rubber latex,the diversity of tapping methods and other problems.The optimization results demonstrated that a blade with a height of at least 10 mm could be used to readily cut off the old rubber line.The electronic governor exhibited great sensitivity and a continuous and consistent single cutting track while the motor speed was between 3201 r/min and 8459 r/min.The shape of guide was optimized from“L”to“T”to reduce old rubber line intervening rubber tapping machinery.Improved method would reduce cutting time and technical complexity,make rubber tapping more accessible to novices,and increase the flexibility of both mechanized and handheld rubber tapping equipment to agronomic method.

关 键 词：机械割胶 橡胶树 农机农艺融合 导向器 电子调速器 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]