四川盆地设施番茄宜机化栽培模式试验研究  

Experimental study on mechanized cultivation mode of facility tomato in Sichuan Basin

作　　者：张泽锦[1,2] 梁颖 王玉琪 唐丽 Zhang Zejin;Liang Ying;Wang Yuqi;Tang Li(Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Horticulture Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu,610066,China;Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Vegetables,Pengzhou,611934,China;The Faculty Geography and Resource Sciences,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu,610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院园艺研究所/蔬菜种质与品种创新四川省重点实验室,成都市610066 [2]四川省蔬菜工程技术研究中心,彭州市611934 [3]四川师范大学地理与资源科学学院,成都市610066

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第5期64-68,共5页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：四川省“十四五”蔬菜育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0022)。

摘　　要：针对四川盆地设施番茄生产通常采用现有的宽窄双行栽培的模式,种植中后期会产生过道狭窄、不利于机械化作业及管理效率低的问题,以扩大宽行行距能实现机械化作业为前提,在连栋塑料薄膜温室内栽培密度一致的条件下,调整番茄栽培株行距对比试验,试验共设计3个处理:T_(1)株距0.34 m,宽行行距1.6 m;T_(2)株距0.40 m,宽行行距1.3 m;T_(3)株距0.45 m,宽行行距1.11 m,测定不同处理植株群落光照情况,植株生长、产量及品质指标。结果表明:扩大宽行行距,缩小株距会显著地提高种植行间中下部的光合有效辐射强度和全株光照时长,降低种植行内部的光合有效辐射强度。综合种植行内外来看,番茄群落光合有效辐射强度有所提升。扩大宽行行距,缩小株距会增加番茄植株的叶片生物量,但对茎粗和茎长无显著影响。不同处理单果重0.18~0.19 kg,产量为101 625~103 140 kg/hm^(2),均无显著差异;番茄果实糖酸比为6.6,无显著差异。四川盆地设施番茄采用株距0.34 m,窄行行距0.4 m,宽行行距1.6 m,栽培密度为29 430株/hm^(2)的栽培模式,可以进行打药,运输及植株管理等机械化作业,实现在不影响产量和品质的前提下,提高作业效率、降低生产成本。In view of the problems of the existing wide-narrow double-row cultivation mode for facility tomato production in the Sichuan Basin,the aisles will be narrow in the middle and later stages of planting,which is not conducive to mechanized operation and low management efficiency.The premise is that under the condition of the same cultivation density in the multi-span plastic film greenhouse in Pengzhou City,Chengdu,the comparison experiment of adjusting the row spacing of tomato cultivation is carried out.The experiment is designed for 3 treatments,which are T_(1) plant spacing 0.34 m,wide row spacing 1.6 m;T_(2) plant spacing is 0.40 m and wide row spacing is 1.3 m;The spacing of T_(3) plants is 0.45 m,and the wide row spacing is 1.11 m and the light conditions of the plant community,plant growth,yield and quality of different treatments are measured.The results show that enlarging the wide row spacing and reducing the plant spacing can significantly increase the photosynthetically effective radiation intensity in the middle and lower parts of the planting row and the light duration of the whole plant,and reduce the photosynthetically effective radiation intensity inside the planting row.From the inside and outside of the planting row,the photosynthetically effective radiation intensity of the tomato community is improved.Enlarging the wide row spacing and reducing the plant spacing will increase the leaf biomass of the tomato plant,but the stem diameter and stem diameter are increased.Stem length was not significantly affected.The single fruit weight of different treatments was 0.18-0.19 kg,and the yield was 101625-103140 kg/hm 2,with no significant difference.The ratio of sugar to acid of tomato fruit was 6.6 with no significant difference.Based on the above results,it can be seen that the plant spacing of 0.34 m,the narrow row spacing of 0.4 m,the wide row spacing of 1.6 m,and the cultivation mode of 29430 plants per hectare can be used for facility tomato plants in the Sichuan Basin.On the premise of not affec

关 键 词：四川盆地 设施番茄 宜机化 栽培模式 农机农艺融合 

分 类 号：S316[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S233.2[农业科学—农艺学]