植物-基质组合对农田退水的净化效果研究  

The efficacy of plants and their growing matrix in improving purification of farmland receding water in constructed wetlands

作　　者：杨金辉 胡韵爽 王向余 李绍飞[1] 刘盼 YANG Jinhui;HU Yunshuang;WANG Xiangyu;LI Shaofei;LIU Pan(Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;Tangshan Polytechnic College,Tangshan 063020,China;Xin’an Wanhe Environmental Sci-Tech Co.,Ltd,Baoding 071699,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院,天津300384 [2]唐山工业职业技术学院,河北唐山063020 [3]新安县万荷环保科技有限公司,河北保定071699

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第5期79-85,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家科技重大课题专项子课题“城区段河道改善技术研究与示范”(2017ZX07106003-004)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析植物-基质组合对农田退水的净化效果。【方法】以独流减河-八排干农田退水为研究对象,研究植物-基质组合系统中的植物种类和种植密度、基质材料和填充率、水力停留时间(HRT)等技术参数对农田退水净化效果的影响。【结果】植物-基质组合系统(水葱+鸢尾、沸石+火山岩)能够有效净化独流减河-八排干农田退水水质,形成相对丰度较高的脱氮除磷微生物菌群,在HRT=3 d的运行模式下,连续运行10个周期(累计30 d)对氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总磷(TP)和化学需氧量(COD)的平均去除率分别为95.74%、49.94%、89.03%。【结论】八排干人工湿地建成后,在植物-基质组合系统中植物、基质、微生物的共同作用下,出水水质稳定达到地表水Ⅴ类标准,为华北地区农田退水净化工程建设提供参考。【Objective】Nonpoint source pollution poses a significant threat to the surface water environment,particularly in agricultural systems.Reconstructed wetlands are an environmentally friendly method to mitigate nonpoint source pollution.This paper investigates the efficacy of plants and their growing medium in removing pollutants from farmland receding water.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a subsurface-flow wetland and an ecology surface flow wetland at Bapaigan region along the bank of Duliujian River.We measured the impact of aquatic plant species,planting density,matrix materials and filling rate,and hydraulic retention time of water in the wetland on purification of the water.【Result】Among all treatments we compared,the combination of plant species of Scirpus tabernaemontani+Iris tectorum and matrix of zeolite+volcanic rock was most effective to purify the receding water,as they nurtured a microbial community which increased denitrification and dephosphorization.Keeping the hydraulic retention time 3 day and running 10 consecutive cycles can remove ammonia nitrogen,total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand(COD)contents by 95.74%,49.94%and 89.03%,respectively.【Conclusion】Following the implementation of the Bapaigan constructed wetland,the plants,substrate medium and their associated microbiome were effective to remove the pollutants from the receding water,with the effluent water quality reaching Class V standard for surface water.These findings have important implications for remediating farmland runoff using constructed wetlands in north China.

关 键 词：植物 基质 农田退水 人工湿地 微生物 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173