减氮对华北地区麦玉轮作农田土壤N2O排放调控机理  

Regulating nitrogen fertilization to reduce N2O emission in wheat-maize rotation farmlands in North China

作　　者：白芳芳[1] 李平[1,2,3] 陆红飞 李白玉 齐学斌 毛雯雯[6] BAI Fangfang;LI Ping;LU Hongfei;LI Baiyu;QI Xuebin;MAO Wenwen(Institute of Farmland Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;Water Environment FactorRisk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinxiang 453002,China;Agricultural Water Soil Environmental Field Research Station of Xinxiang,Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry,Jurong 212400,China;Qingdao Institute of Technology,Qingdao 266300,China;The Prevention and Control Center for the Geological Disaster ofHenan Geological Bureau,Zhengzhou 450012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]农业部农产品质量安全水环境因子风险评估实验室,河南新乡453002 [3]中国农业科学院河南新乡农业水土环境野外科学观测试验站,河南新乡453002 [4]江苏农林职业技术学院,江苏句容212400 [5]青岛工学院,山东青岛266300 [6]河南省地质局地质灾害防治中心,郑州450012

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第5期95-104,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800605,2021YFD1700900);中国农科院科技创新工程重大任务项目(CAAS-ZDRW202201)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究减氮对华北地区麦玉轮作农田土壤N2O排放调控机制。【方法】冬小麦季和夏玉米季均以不施氮为对照(CK),设置2个施氮量,分别为常规施氮量(纯氮300 kg/hm2,N2)、减氮20%(纯氮240 kg/hm2,N1),研究施氮量对麦玉轮作农田土壤性质及N2O排放通量影响,基于逐步回归分析,研究减氮对麦玉轮作农田土壤N2O排放调控机制。【结果】(1)减氮有效降低了N2O排放通量,且夏玉米季N2O排放通量远高于冬小麦季,夏玉米季由施肥引起的N2O排放量较高。(2)冬小麦季N2O排放通量与环境因子逐步回归公式为:N2O排放通量=181.952+1.450×硝态氮+8.401×铵态氮-0.514×电导率;硝态氮、铵态氮会对冬小麦季N2O排放通量产生显著的正向影响,而电导率会对冬小麦季N2O排放通量产生显著的负向影响。(3)夏玉米季N2O排放通量与环境因子逐步回归公式为:N2O排放通量=-354.606+4.592×硝态氮+157.848×铵态氮;硝态氮、铵态氮会对夏玉米季N2O排放通量产生显著的正向影响。【结论】综上可知,适量减氮显著降低夏玉米季N2O累积排放量和增温潜势,应加强夏玉米季农田水肥管理。【Objective】N2O is a greenhouse gas 298 times more effective than CO2 at trapping heat in the atmosphere.Reducing its emission from agricultural soils hence plays a crucial role in mitigating global warming.In this paper,we investigate experimentally the efficacy of regulating nitrogen fertilization to reduce N2O emission from wheat-maize rotation farmlands in Northern China.【Method】The experiment was conducted in field,consisting of conventional nitrogen fertilization of 300 kg/hm2(N1),and reduced nitrogen fertilization of 240 kg/hm2(N2).Without nitrogen fertilization was taken as the control(CK).In each treatment,we measured N2O efflux during the growing season of the wheat and maize,respectively,as well as soil properties.【Result】①Reducing nitrogen fertilization effectively reduced N2O efflux;N2O efflux in the maize growing season was much higher than that in the winter wheat growing season.Because of temperature difference,N2O efflux induced by nitrogen fertilization to maize was higher than that to the wheat.②The N2O efflux was influenced by soil nitrogen and soil properties;its variation with these factors can be fitted to N2O efflux=181.952+1.450×NO3--N+8.401×NH4+-N-0.514×EC for the wheat,and N2O efflux=-354.606+4.592×NO3--N+157.848×NH4+-N to the maize,where EC is electrical conductivity of soil solution.【Conclusion】Appropriately reducing nitrogen fertilization can reduce N2O efflux in winter wheat-maize rotation production systems without compromising the crop yields in Northern China,with the reduction in the maize growing season more significant than in the wheat growing season.

关 键 词：麦玉轮作 减氮 N2O排放通量 土壤性质 逐步回归分析 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] S513