生防芽孢杆菌与杀菌剂复配对苹果斑点落叶病菌的联合毒力  

The Joint Toxicity of Biocontrol Bacillus and Fungicides Against Alternaria mali

作　　者：孟祥涛 李梦洁 段海明 王猛 陆文杰 张智成 MENG Xiangtao;LI Mengjie;DUAN Haiming;WANG Meng;LU Wenjie;ZHANG Zhicheng(College of Agriculture,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang 233100,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院农学院,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《西昌学院学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期14-20,共7页Journal of Xichang University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金资助项目(2308085MC90);安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2020A0067);作物抗逆育种与减灾国家地方联合工程实验室开放基金(NELCOF20190102);安徽省大学生创新训练项目(S202310879178)。

摘　　要：[目的]为苹果斑点落叶病的防控提供新的杀菌剂及其增效组合。[方法]采用对峙培养法筛选生防菌,菌丝生长速率法筛选化学杀菌剂,Horsfall法确定菌药复配比例。[结果](1)7种化学杀菌剂均对病菌有较强的抑制活性,其中戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑3种药剂对病菌抑制效果最佳,EC50分别达0.21、0.30和0.81μg/mL;其次为吡唑醚菌酯、代森锰锌和嘧菌酯;多菌灵的抑菌效果最差,EC50为15.03μg/mL。(2)3种芽孢杆菌中解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)SJ1606的抑菌效果最好,其发酵上清液和发酵上清粗提物对病菌的EC50分别为2.38μL/mL和0.53μL/mL。(3)解淀粉芽孢杆菌SJ1606发酵上清液粗提物和代森锰锌、吡唑醚菌酯的复配均表现为增效作用,其中体积比6∶4和7∶3达最大毒性比,分别为1.39和1.41。[结论]戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑对苹果斑点落叶病菌的毒力最大;解淀粉芽孢杆菌SJ1606发酵上清液粗提物对化学杀菌剂代森锰锌和吡唑醚菌酯具有增效作用,为后续农药新制剂研发提供了参考数据。[Objective]This study aims to provide a novel synergistic combination for the control of apple alternaria blotch.[Method]The biocontrol bacteria were screened by confrontation culture method,the chemical fungicides were screened by mycelial growth rate method,and the compound ratio of bacteria and drugs was determined by Horsfall method[.Result](1)The 7 chemical fungicides had strong inhibitory activity against the pathogen.Among them,tebuco⁃nazole,difenoconazole and propiconazole had the best inhibitory effect on the pathogen,with EC50 values of 0.21,0.30 and 0.81μg/mL,respectively,followed by pyraclostrobin,mancozeb and azoxystrobin.Carbendazim had the poorest an⁃tifungal effect,with EC50 of 15.03μg/mL.(2)Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SJ1606 had the best antibacterial effect among the three Bacillus strains,and the EC50 of the fermentation supernatant and the crude extracts of the fermentation super⁃natant were 2.38μL/mL and 0.53μL/mL,respectively.(3)The combinations of the crude extracts and mancozeb,pyra⁃clostrobin showed synergistic effects,and the volume ratios of 6:4 and 7:3 reached the maximum toxicity ratios,which were 1.39 and 1.41,respectively.[Conclusion]This study can provide basic data support for the update of control measures of apple alternaria blotch and reduction of chemical fungicides.

关 键 词：苹果斑点落叶病 化学杀菌剂 芽孢杆菌 发酵代谢物 复配 

分 类 号：S436.611.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]