沅水光泽黄颡鱼和鲫的临界游泳速度和最大游泳速度比较  

Comparison of Maximum Swimming Speed and Critical Swimming Speed Between Yellow Catfish and Crucian Carp in Yuanshui River

作　　者：宋波澜 刘良国 李金芝 骆慧玲 李天悦 SONG Bolan;LIU Liangguo;LI Jinzhi;LUO Huiling;LI Tianyue(Changde Research Center for Agricultural Biomacromolecule,Collaborative Innovation Center of the Aquatic Efficient Health Production in Hunan Province,Key Laboratory of Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Immunity Technology of Aquatic Animal Diseases,College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Hunan University of Arts and Sciences,Changde 415000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院生命与环境科学学院,水产高校健康生产湖南省协同创新中心,环洞庭湖水产健康养殖及加工湖南省重点实验室,水生动物重要疫病分子免疫技术湖南省重点实验室,常德市农业生物大分子研究中心,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2024年第2期84-89,共6页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2020JJ44446);湖南文理学院博士科研启动项目(18BSQD22)。

摘　　要：为了分析洞庭水系鱼类趋流特性的生态适应性及为水域渔业资源保护提供基本数据,在水温(20.0±1.5)℃和自然光周期下,用实验室自制的鱼类运动测试水槽和递增流速法测定了沅水中游常德河洑江段体长(13.94±1.85)cm光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)和体长(12.28±1.42)cm鲫(Carassius auratus)的临界游泳速度及最大游泳速度等参数,分析两种鱼这两个参数与体长等因素的关联及差异。外置变频器调节电机功率改变螺旋桨的转速而呈不同流速。1 BL·s^(-1)时开始实验,每15 s提高流速2 cm·s^(-1),直到鱼变疲劳在拦网处停止游泳20 s时的水流速度就是该鱼的最大游泳速度(U_(max),单位cm·s^(-1))和相对最大游泳速度(U_(max)^(r))[(=U_(max)/BL(体长),单位BL·s^(-1))]。流速慢慢增至60%U_(crit)估计值下,实验鱼持续游动15 min后,将增加15%U_(crit)估计值,之后继续以这种方式不断提升流速,至实验鱼达到运动力竭状态不能继续游泳为止。记录此时电机频率并把实验鱼从观察区移出来放入休息区,记录实验鱼的形态参数和达到力竭状态的前一档游泳时间,计算临界游泳速度U_(crit)和相对临界游泳速度(U_(crit)^(r),单位为BL·s^(-1))。结果表明:光泽黄颡鱼的U_(crit)和U_(crit)^(r)分别为(39.21±3.41)cm·s^(-1)和(2.83±0.15)BL·s^(-1),其U_(max)和U_(max)^(r)分别为(28.96±3.44)cm·s^(-1)和(2.08±0.04)BL·s^(-1);鲫的U_(crit)和U_(crit)^(r)分别为(40.78±2.15)cm·s^(-1)和(3.34±0.23)BL·s^(-1),其U_(max)和U_(max)^(r)分别为(39.67±3.14)cm·s^(-1)和(3.24±0.14)BL·s^(-1)。依据结果,取得不同鱼类临界游泳速度、最大游泳速度与体长的线性和非线性函数显著相关模型(P<0.05)。光泽黄颡鱼和鲫的绝对临界游泳速度差异不显著(P>0.05),但绝对最大游泳速度、相对临界游泳速度和相对最大游泳速度差异极显著(P<0.01)。鲫的U_(max)^(r)和U_(crit)^(r)都显著高于光泽黄颡鱼。本实验结果可�In order to analyze the ecological adaptability of flowtaxis characteristics of fish and provide basic data for the conservation of fishery resources in the waters in the Dongting River system,the critical swimming speed(Ucrit)and maximum swimming speed(U_(max))were determined in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus nitidus with body length of(13.94±1.85)cm and crucian carp Carassius auratus of(12.28±1.42)cm in a self-made fish movement test tank by increasing flow-velocity method by an external frequency converter adjusting the motor power and changing the speed of the propeller with different flow velocities and the relationships between Ucrit,and U_(max) and body length of the two fishes were analyzed at water temperature of(20.0±1.5)℃and room photoperiod.The maximum swimming speed(U_(max),cm·s^(-1))and the relative maximum swimming speed(U_(max)^(r))[(=U_(max)/BL(body length),BL·s^(-1))]was measured when the initial flow-velocity of 1 BL/s in the experiment was increased by 2 cm·s^(-1) every 15 s until the fish become tired and stopped swimming at the barrage for 20 s.The critical swimming speed(Ucrit)is defined as the fact that the flow velocity as slowly increased to 60%Ucrit,and after the test fish continued to swim for 15 min,the Ucrit was increased by 15%,and then continued to increase the flow velocity in this way until the test fish became exhaustion without longer swim again.Record the motor frequency at this time and move the test fish out of the observation area and put it into the rest area,record the morphological parameters of the test fish and the swimming time before the exhaustion,and calculate the critical swimming speed Ucrit and the relative critical swimming speed(Urcrit,BL·s^(-1)).The results showed that the yellow catfish had the absolute Ucrit of(39.21±3.41)cm·s^(-1) and the relative Ucrit of(2.83±0.15)BL·s^(-1).Their absolute U_(max) and relative U_(max) were(28.96±3.44)cm·s^(-1) and(2.08±0.04)BL·s^(-1),respectively.Crucian carp had the absolute Ucrit of(40.78±2.15)cm·s^(-1),

关 键 词：鲫 光泽黄颡鱼 最大游泳速度 临界游泳速度 

分 类 号：S965.117[农业科学—水产养殖] S965.128[农业科学—水产科学]