西安汉墓出土铜铁箭镞的中子成像分析  

Neutron Imaging Analysis of Bronze and Iron Arrowheads Unearthed from Han-Dynasty Tombs in Xi'an

作　　者：赵凤燕 王艳朋 武梅梅[2] 贺林峰[2] Zhao Fengyan;Wang Yanpeng;Wu Meimei;He Linfeng

机构地区：[1]西安市文物保护考古研究院,陕西西安710068 [2]中国原子能科学研究院,北京102413

出　　处：《文博》2024年第2期102-107,87,共7页

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“西安出土两汉铁器材质与制作技术研究”(项目编号:22FKGB010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：汉代箭镞有多种类型,制作工艺也各不相同。本文采用中子成像和超景深显微照相技术,对西安雅荷中央广场M36西汉墓葬出土的铁铤铜镞和铁镞进行无损分析研究。结果表明,铜镞与铁铤采用铸接方式相连,铁铤外部推测先涂刷胶结物,后用竹木片和细线包裹捆扎,并涂刷黑漆。铁镞与铁铤为分铸后机械连接,连接部位有竹木材料填充。铜镞保存较好,铜腐蚀物分布于镞外表面和镞内铸造孔洞周围。铁镞整体和铜镞中铁铤均腐蚀严重,其中3个箭镞几乎无铁基体残留。本文为中国先进研究堆(CARR)中子成像装置在文物领域的初步尝试,为探明箭镞内部结构和腐蚀特征,首次提供了影像学依据,有助于文物价值的认知和保护修复措施的制定,并对中子技术在文物领域的应用研究具有借鉴意义。There are various types of arrowheads in the Han Dynasty,each with different manufacturing techniques.This study employs neutron imaging and ultra depth-of-field microscopy techniques to conduct non-destructive analysis on bronze arrowheads and iron arrowheads unearthed from the Western Han tomb no.M36 in the central square of Yahe,Xi'an.The results indicate that the bronze arrowheads are connected to the iron tangs through casting,with the iron tangs being initially coated with adhesive,then wrapped and tied with bamboo or wood pieces and fine threads,followed by a black paint coating.The iron arrowheads and tangs are mechanically connected after being cast separately,with bamboo or wood materials being used to fill the connection points.The bronze arrowheads are well-preserved,with corrosion distributed on the outer surface and around the casting holes.However,the iron arrowheads and tangs suffer severe corrosion.Three arrowheads contain almost no iron matrix.This paper represents an initial attempt of applying the Chinese Advanced Research Reactor(CARR)neutron imaging device in the field of cultural relics,providing the first imaging-based evidence to explore the internal structure and corrosion characteristics of arrowheads.It contributes to the understanding of the cultural value of artifacts,the formulation of protection and restoration measures,and serves as a reference for the application of neutron technology in future research.

关 键 词：铜镞 铁镞 制作工艺 无损分析 中子成像 

分 类 号：K875.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234[历史地理—历史学]