技术创新对知识型劳动力需求的影响研究——自主创新与引进创新的双重视角  

Research on the Effect of Technological Innovation on the Demand for Knowledge-based Labor:Dual Perspectives of Independent Innovation and the Introduction of Innovation

作　　者：郭怡笛 撒凯悦 GUO Yidi;SA Kaiyue(China Academy of Information and Communications Technology,Beijing,100095;School of Finance,Shandong Technology and Business University,Yantai,Shandong Province,264003)

机构地区：[1]中国信息通信研究院政策与经济研究所,北京100095 [2]山东工商学院金融学院,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《山东工会论坛》2024年第3期22-37,共16页Shandong Trade Unions＇ Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“异质性人工智能模式对人力资本的结构性替代与再配置效应研究”(项目编号:72073082);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“‘合村并居’后农村劳动力就业的分化与集聚效应研究”(项目编号:22YJC790101)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：技术创新和人力资本积累都是城乡区域经济高质量发展的关键,但现有研究并未就二者之间的关系形成共识,且未区分自主型技术创新和引进型技术创新对于知识型劳动力影响的差异。通过构建基于任务框架的理论模型,并使用PCSE模型、固定效应模型、工具变量法研究了技术创新对知识型劳动力需求的影响。结果发现:自主型技术创新对知识型劳动力的相对需求有显著的正效应,而引进型技术创新对知识型劳动力相对需求的影响为负。此外,研究还发现,技术创新对知识型劳动力相对需求的影响具有区域异质性和群体异质性:东部地区的自主型技术创新存在技能偏向的特点,但其引进型技术创新在抑制低水平人力资本就业的同时,也相对降低了对高水平人力资本的需求;在两种技术创新的共同作用下,中部地区对低水平人力资本的需求有所上升,而西部地区则呈现出偏向高水平人力资本的趋势。总体结果表明,现阶段技术创新尚未对我国劳动力市场产生极化效应。Technological innovation and human capital accumulation are both key factors for urban and rural high-quality economy development,but existing studies have not reached a consensus on the relationship between them,nor have they distinguished the differences between independent innovation and technology introduction.We investigated the impact of technological innovation on the demand for knowledge-based labor by constructing a theoretical model based on the task framework and using the PCSE model,the fixed effects model,and the instrumental variables method.The results show that:independent technological innovation has a significant positive effect on the relative demand for knowledge-based labor,while technology introduction has a negative effect on the relative demand for knowledge-based labor.In addition,it is revealed that the effect of technological innovation on the relative demand for knowledge-based labor is heterogeneous in terms of regions and groups:in the eastern region independent technological innovation is characterized by a skill bias,but its technology introduction suppresses the employment of low human capital while relatively reducing the demand for high human capital;whereas,in the central region,the demand for low human capital rises,and there is a trend of employment demand in favor of high human capital in the western region indicating that technological innovation has not produced a polarization effect on the labor market in China.

关 键 词：自主型技术创新 引进型技术创新 知识型劳动力 

分 类 号：F241.21[经济管理—劳动经济]