保护地役权制度的本土化构建——以国家公园内集体土地权利限制方式为视角  

Localization Construction of Conservation Easement System-From the Perspective of Restriction of Collective Land Rights in National Parks

作　　者：周诗雅 ZHOU Shi-ya(Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报》2024年第3期79-84,102,共7页Journal of Heilongjiang Vocational Institute of Ecological Engineering

摘　　要：国家公园园区内土地属性复杂,集体土地占比较高,给国家公园推进“全民所有的自然资源占主体地位”的进程造成了阻碍。保护地役权是一种特殊的地役权,能够丰富国家公园园区内集体土地权利限制的方式,且符合所有权社会化理论的要求,引入到国家公园制度中在理论基础和功能效果上均具有正当性。总结域内外实践经验,保护地役权应当是一种混合权利,兼具公法私法要素,最能发挥制度优势。与《民法典》中规定的传统地役权相比在目的和内容上存在本质的区别,不能被直接规定在《民法典》中。未来应当采取体系立法模式,在《自然资源法》中作出原则性的规定,再通过单行法规定具体的制度。就国家公园体制来说,应当从保护地役权的静态构造(包括主体、客体、权利义务)以及运行机制(包括权利的设立、变更和终止)上构建本土化的保护地役权制度,使实践中引入保护地役权制度促进国家公园建设有法可依。The property of land in national parks is complex,and the proportion of collective land is relatively high,which brings obstacles to the promoting of“atural resources owned by the whole people occupy the main position”of national parks.Conservation easement is a special easement,which can enrich the ways of restricting collective land rights in national parks,and conforms to the requirements of the theory of ownership socialization.It is justified in both theoretical basis and functional effect when it is introduced into the national park system.By summarizing the practical experience inside and outside the domain,it is concluded that conservation easement should be a mixed right with both public and private law elements to give full play to the institutional advantages.Compared with traditional easements stipulated in the“Civil Code”,it has essential differences in purpose and content,and cannot be directly stipulated in the“Civil Code”.In the future,it should be stipulated in the“Natural Resources Law”in principle.Then a separate law is passed to provide for specific regulations.As for the national park system,a localized conservation easement system should be constructed from the static structure of conservation easement(including the subject,object,rights and obligations)and the operation mechanism(including the establishment,change and termination of rights),so that the introduction of conservation easement system in practice can promote the construction of national parks.

关 键 词：保护地役权 国家公园体制 制度构建 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学] D922.6[政治法律—法学]