我国土壤中抗生素抗性基因污染的消减策略  

Reduction Strategy of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Pollution in Soil of China

作　　者：李书唱 倪妮 王娜 施玛丽 张晓辉 何健 郭欣妍 汪庆 LI Shu-chang;NI Ni;WANG Na;SHI Ma-li;ZHANG Xiao-hui;HE Jian;GUO Xin-yan;WANG Qing(School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering/Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Causes and Effects of Hebei Province,Handan 056038,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control of Pesticides for Environmental Protection,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院/河北省大气成因与影响重点实验室,河北邯郸056038 [2]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [3]国家环境保护农药环境评价与污染控制重点实验室,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2024年第5期589-601,共13页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(GYZX230105/GYZX230102);江苏省重点研发项目(BE2022788)。

摘　　要：近年来,土壤环境的抗生素耐药性问题日益严重并逐渐成为威胁人类和动植物健康的全球性挑战。抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)是耐药性在土壤中传播的重要载体和指示物质,寻找合适的策略以降低其在土壤中的丰度及传播风险是当前和今后一个时期深入推进生命-生态一体化健康的主攻方向。ARGs进入土壤的途径主要包括粪肥施用和废水灌溉。针对不同来源,利用好氧堆肥和厌氧消化等阻控技术可从源头有效阻止ARGs进入土壤。当ARGs不可避免地进入土壤后,则仍需前瞻性研究和使用噬菌体、生物炭等ARGs污染土壤原位修复技术并深入开发植物间作等调控技术以构建免疫型土壤微生态环境。该文从阻控、修复和调控3个技术层面对ARGs去除效果和技术优劣势进行归纳,以期为土壤ARGs消减的技术开发和实际应用提供参考。In recent years,the issue of antibiotic resistance in soil environment has been increasingly severe and has gradually become a global challenge that threatens the health of humans,animals,and plants.Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)serve as important carriers and indicators of resistance that spread in soil.It is crucial to find suitable strategies to reduce their abundance and transmission risk in soil,which is a key focus for further advancing the health of life-ecology integration at present and in the future.The main pathways for ARGs entering soil include the application of manure and irrigation with wastewater.Based on the different sources of ARGs,techniques such as aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion can effectively prevent their entry into the soil.Once ARGs unavoidably enter the soil,proactive research and the use of in-situ remediation techniques such as bacteriophages,biochar,and regulation techniques like plant intercropping are still necessary to create an immune soil microecological environment.The effectiveness and technical advantages and disadvantages of ARGs removal from the perspectives of control,remediation,and regulation techniques are summarized in this article which could provide references for the development and practical application of technologies to reduce ARGs in soil.

关 键 词：土壤 抗生素抗性基因 阻控技术 修复技术 调控技术 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]