混合战争中的网络舆论战:信息时代影响战争进程的重要因素  

Online Public Opinion Warfare in Hybrid Wars:A Crucial Determinant of War in the Information Age

作　　者：熊光清 陈飞 Xiong Guangqing;Chen Fei

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学法学院,北京100029 [2]对外经济贸易大学国际关系学院,北京100029

出　　处：《国际论坛》2024年第3期23-42,155,156,共22页International Forum

摘　　要：随着网络信息技术在战争中的使用,以非直接接触的、非暴力手段为主的非传统军事对抗形式在现代战争中运用越来越多。由此,现代战争表现出非常鲜明的混合战争特点,战争不再仅仅局限于实体战场中以军事手段展开的对抗与冲突,在实体战场之外出现了许多与实体战场同时展开的非传统军事对抗与冲突,对战争进程产生着重要影响。在这种综合运用军事手段与非军事手段的混合战争新形态中,网络舆论战成为不可忽视的重要因素。网络舆论战在政治、经济、外交、军事、信息等多个战场空间中扮演着至关重要的角色,已经成为混合战争不可或缺的重要组成部分。网络舆论战结合了传统的心理战和现代的信息战,是混合战争中使用非传统军事手段的典型表现形式,其主要特征表现为:空间的虚拟性、攻击主体的匿名性和参与主体的广泛性。网络舆论战通过控制社交媒体、传播虚假信息、使用网络情报战等手段,力图重塑意识形态、操纵战场信息、左右民意归属,极为深刻地影响着整个战争的进程。当前,充分把握网络舆论战的特征和影响已经成为深刻认识混合战争的重要问题。With the use of Information and Communication Technology(ICT)in war,non-traditional forms of military confrontations that involve non-direct contact and non-violent means are increasingly used in contemporary warfare.Contemporary warfare has thus taken on distinct characteristics of hybrid war as war is no longer confined to military confrontations and conflicts in the physical battlefield. Beyond the physical space, many non-traditional means that are also used have an important impact on the process of war. In this new form of hybrid war, which mixes military and non-military means, online public opinion warfare has become an important factor that cannot be ignored. Given its vital role in battlefield spaces involving the political, economic, diplomatic, military, information and other domains, it has become an indispensable component of hybrid war. Combining traditional psychological warfare with contemporary information warfare, it is a par excellence form of the use of non-traditional military means in hybrid war. It is characterized by virtual war space, attacker anonymity, and diverse participating actors. It may profoundly influence the direction of war since it is able to reshape ideological preferences, manipulate battlefield information, and influence public opinion through social media control, disinformation, and the use of online intelligence warfare. At present, it is of vital importance to fully grasp its characteristics and its impact in order to truly understand hybrid war.

关 键 词：混合战争 信息时代 网络信息技术 网络舆论战 

分 类 号：D51[政治法律—政治学]