泉州地区支气管哮喘儿童过敏情况分析  

Analysis of allergic conditions in children with bronchial asthma in Quanzhou

作　　者：陈琼华[1] 郑敬阳[1] 林春燕 徐毅泷 方碧清 涂槟斌 郑天文 CHEN Qionghua;ZHENG Jingyang;LIN Chunyan;XV Yilong;FANG Biqing;TU Bingbin;ZHENG Tianwen(Department of Res piratory Medicine,The Third Cinical Medical College,Fujian Medical University,Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital,Quanzhou,Fujian 362000,China;Department of Otolaryngology,Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital,Quanzhou,Fujian 362000,China;Department of Dermatology,Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hos pital,Quanzhou,Fujian 362000,China;Department of Medical Services,Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospi-tal,Quanzhou,Fujian 362000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学第三临床医学院泉州市妇幼保健院儿童医院呼吸科,泉州362000 [2]泉州市妇幼保健院儿童医院耳鼻喉科,泉州362000 [3]泉州市妇幼保健院儿童医院皮肤科,泉州362000 [4]泉州市妇幼保健院儿童医院医务科,泉州362000

出　　处：《福建医药杂志》2024年第2期22-26,共5页Fujian Medical Journal

基　　金：泉州市医疗卫生领域指导性科技计划项目(2022N033S)。

摘　　要：目的调查泉州地区支气管哮喘患儿的过敏情况。方法分析2012年1月至2023年6月我院收治的320例支气管哮喘患儿过敏原以及其他系统过敏情况。结果320例患儿过敏原检测阳性率为89.38%,吸入性过敏原主要为尘螨、屋尘、蟑螂,分别占74.38%、20.94%、14.69%;食物性过敏原主要为鸡蛋白、牛奶、蟹,分别占19.69%、19.02%、12.81%。不同年龄组户尘螨、屋尘、狗毛鸡蛋白阳性分布存在差异,婴幼儿组尘螨阳性率低于学龄前组和学龄组(χ^(2)=29.24、33.87,P<0.05);婴幼儿组屋尘阳性率低于学龄组(χ^(2)=4.59,P=0.030);与学龄组相比,学龄前组狗毛、鸡蛋白阳性率更高(χ^(2)=10.07,10.54,P<0.05)。共病221例(69.06%),3个以上系统过敏75例(23.44%)。需要耳鼻喉科诊疗165例,其中鼻炎162例,需要皮肤科诊疗118例,营养科11例,眼科6例,消化科4例,药剂科4例。结论泉州地区支气管哮喘儿童最主要的过敏原为尘螨,不同年龄患儿户尘螨、屋尘、狗毛、鸡蛋白阳性分布存在差异,支气管哮喘容易合并多系统过敏表现,评估和管理需注意多学科联合。Objective To investigate allergic conditions in children with bronchial asthma in Quanzhou.Methods Three hundred and twenty children with bronchial asthma admitted to Quanzhou Children‘s Hospital from January 2012 to June 2023 were enrolled.The distribution of allergens and the involvement of other systems were assessed.Results The positive rate of detected allergens in 320 children with bronchial asthma was 89.38%.The main inhalation allergens were dust mites,house dust,and cockroaches,accounting for 74.38%,20.94%and 14.69%,respectively.The main food allergens are chicken protein,milk,and crab,accounting for 19.69%,19.02%and 12.81%,respectively.There were differences in the positive distribution of dust mites,house dust,dog fur and chicken protein in different age groups.The positive rate of dust mites in the infant group was lower than that in the preschool and school-age groups(χ^(2)=29.24,33.87,P<0.05);Compared with the school-age group,the positive rate of dog fur in the preschool group was significantly higher(χ^(2)=10.07,P=0.002);Compared with school-age group,the positive rate of chicken protein in preschool group was significantly higher(χ^(2)=10.54,P=0.001).Among the 320 patients,221(69.06%)developed other allergic disorders,75(23.44%)had three or more allergic disorders related to other systems.165 cases required diagnosis and treatment for otolaryngologic conditions,including 162 cases of rhinitis;118 cases required diagnosis and treatment for dermatological conditions;11 cases for nutrition conditions;6 cases for ophthalmic conditions;4 cases for digestive conditions;and 4 cases for drug conditions.Conclusion The main allergen of children with bronchial asthma in Quanzhou is dust mites.There are differences in the positive allergen distribution of dust mites,house dust,dog fur and egg protein in children of different ages.Bronchial asthma is likely to coexist with allergic manifestations in multiple systems.Attention should be paid to multidisciplinary evaluation and management.

关 键 词：泉州地区 哮喘 儿童 过敏原 多学科 

分 类 号：R562.25[医药卫生—呼吸系统]