美国“中国行动计划”的演进和后果评析  

Evaluating the Evolution and Implications of the U.S.“China Initiative”

作　　者：万晓宏[1] 林岳明 WAN Xiaohong;LIN Yueming

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《当代美国评论》2024年第1期25-45,128,129,共23页Contemporary American Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“美国华侨华人与中美关系互动研究(1979-2021)”(项目批准号:21BGJ055)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“中国行动计划”是特朗普政府试图运用司法手段构建美国的学术、商业、情报和网络信息安全体系,以实现对华科技遏制的重要政策规划。该计划主要以法律诉讼的方式,对参与协助中国科技发展的美国科学家进行追责。自该计划于2018年11月启动以来,有数百名美国科学家遭到调查和起诉,其中多数是华裔。这项计划出台的背景包括近年来美国对华战略竞争加剧、中美关系恶化,美国对中国“窃取”其技术的担忧逐渐上升,美国反华势力对华侨华人长期存在歧视和偏见。“中国行动计划”遭到美国有正义感的政府官员、学界精英、社会组织和美国华人社会的强烈批评。虽然拜登执政后,美国司法部宣布终止该计划,但其精髓却被保留,并以更隐蔽、更精准的形式继续发挥着作用。The“China Initiative”was an important policy formulated by the Trump administration that sought to use judicial means to build a security network incorporating America's academia,business,intelligence and cyber information,for the purpose of containing China in technology.This initiative primarily involved legal prosecutions to hold accountable American scientists who assisted with China's technological development.Since its inception in November 2018,hundreds of American scientists,mostly of Chinese descent,have been investigated and prosecuted.Factors contributing to the launch of this initiative include intensified U.S.strategic competition with China in recent years and deteriorating China-U.S.ties;growing American concerns about China's“theft”of U.S.technology;and longstanding discrimination and prejudice against Chinese Americans by anti-China forces in the U.S..The“China Initiative”has been strongly opposed and criticized by conscientious U.S.government officials,academic elites,social organizations,and the Chinese American community.Although the U.S.Department of Justice under the Biden administration has officially ended the program,the core principles of the“China Initiative”have been preserved and continue to function in a more covert and targeted manner.

关 键 词：美国 中美关系 “中国行动计划” 华裔科学家 法律诉讼 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学] D971.2[政治法律—外交学]