美国构建人工智能联盟的动因、路径与影响  

The Motivation,Approach,and Impact of the U.S.'s Construction of an Artificial Intelligence Alliance

作　　者：孙成昊 张丁 SUN Chenghao;ZHANG Ding

机构地区：[1]清华大学战略与安全研究中心

出　　处：《当代美国评论》2024年第1期90-109,131,共21页Contemporary American Review

基　　金：2023年北京市社会科学基金青年项目(项目批准号:23ZGC009)的阶段性成果;清华大学自主科研计划资助。

摘　　要：近年来,人工智能正成为中美科技博弈的核心议题,对它的掌控水平将影响一国国家安全及其在全球经济格局中的地位。为了增强对外影响力、提升大国竞争力和主导规则制定,美国正积极构建人工智能联盟,在国内不断加强顶层设计,强调跨部门协作及政府与学界、业界合作;在国际上以意识形态为引领,拓展人工智能多边合作机制,侧重与欧洲和印太地区国家的互动,重点发展军用人工智能。美国构建人工智能联盟将扩大全球“数字鸿沟”、加剧国际技术合作的意识形态化、损害全球治理机制,并通过产业“脱钩断链”、阻碍人工智能涉华国际合作、挤压中国在全球治理方面的话语权,制约中国在人工智能领域的发展和治理。In recent years,artificial intelligence has become a core issue in the technological competition between China and the United States,as the level of control over AI will impact a country's national security and its position in the global economic landscape.In order to enhance its influence abroad,increase its competitiveness as a major power,and dominate the formulation of rules and regulations,the U.S.has been actively building an artificial intelligence alliance.Domestically,it continuously strengthens strategic planning at the top level,emphasizes cross-departmental collaboration,and promotes government collaboration with academia and industries.Internationally,it is expanding multilateral cooperation mechanisms in AI with ideology as the guiding principle,focuses on interactions with European and Indo-Pacific countries,and prioritizes the development of military AI.The U.S.'s construction of an AI alliance will widen the global“digital divide”,intensify the politicization of international technological cooperation,and undermine global governance mechanisms.By implementing industrial“decoupling and supply chain disruptions”and impeding international AI cooperation,America seeks to diminish China's voice in global governance and constrains China's development and governance in the field of AI.

关 键 词：人工智能 联盟 拜登政府 全球治理 美国对外战略 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] D871.2[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]