高抗菌可降解纳纤膜制备及其长效低阻捕尘机理研究  

Biodegradable and Antibacterial Nanofibrous Membranes for Long-Term and Low-Resistance Filtration of Airborne Particulate Matters

作　　者：王志荣 杨婷[2] 柯律 黄荣廷 朱金佗[3] 何新建[3] 徐欢 WANG Zhirong;YANG Ting;KE Lü;HUANG Rongting;ZHU Jintuo;HE Xinjian;XU Huan(Institute of Coal Technology,Shendong Coal Group,CHN Group,Shenmu 719315,China;School of Materials Science and Physics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]国能神东煤炭技术研究院,陕西神木719315 [2]中国矿业大学材料与物理学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]中国矿业大学安全工程学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《金属矿山》2024年第4期252-261,共10页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:52003292,52174222);江苏省自然科学基金项目(编号:BK20200661)。

摘　　要：煤矿粉尘、空气中细微颗粒物(PM)和病原体的存在,严重危害生态环境和工作人员健康。传统高分子纤维过滤膜在滤除粉尘、PM和病原体方面显示出一定的作用。然而,传统高分子材料不可降解,易导致塑料污染和微塑料危害,亟需研发兼具高过滤效率、高抗菌效率的可降解纤维过滤材料。本文采用静电纺丝—喷雾相结合的技术,将二氧化钛(TiO_(2))纳米颗粒直接嵌入聚乳酸(PLA)纳米纤维(PLA@TiO_(2)),同时调控纺丝环境湿度形成串珠结构,从而有效提高纤维膜的电活性、驻极性能和过滤性能,并赋予优异的UV屏蔽和抑菌性能。在气体流量为85L/min时,纯PLA纤维膜对PM_(0.3)的过滤效率仅有83.9%,空气阻力高达654.9Pa,而PLA@TiO_(2)纤维过滤效率显著提高且空气阻力明显降低,当TiO_(2)浓度为4%时,过滤效率高达97.9%,空气阻力降低到260.2Pa。此外,PLA@TiO_(2)纤维膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效率均达到100%。TiO_(2)嵌入PLA纤维还能使纤维膜吸收紫外线辐射,PLA@TiO_(2)纤维膜紫外线透过率(T_(UVB))与纯PLA纤维膜相比下降到20.1%,能够防止和避免皮肤损伤等疾病。纳米纤维驻极性能和串珠结构的结合提供了高效过滤、低空气阻力以及高抑菌效率,为减少和预防尘肺病的发生提供了有益的参考。Coal mine dust,fine particulate matter(PM)in the air and the existence of pathogens,seriously harm the ec-ological environment and human health.Traditional polymer membrane filters have shown a great role in dust,filtering PM and pathogens.However,traditional polymer materials are not degradable,which can easily lead to plastic pollution and microplastic hazards.It is urgent to develop degradable fiber filtration materials with high filtration efficiency and high antibacterial efficien-cy.In this paper,titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))nanoparticles were directly embedded into polylactic acid(PLA)nanofibers(PLA@TiO_(2))by a combination of electrospinning-electrospray technology.At the same time,the spinning environment humidity was regulated to form a beaded structure,which effectively improved the electrical activity,electret performance and filtration per-formance of the fibrous membrane and provided excellent UV shielding and antibacterial properties.When the airflow rate was 85 L/min,the filtration efficiency of the pure PLA fibrous membrane for PM_(0.3) was only 83.9%,and the air resistance was 654.9 Pa.The PLA@TiO_(2)fibrous membranes filtration efficiency was improved,and the air resistance was significantly re-duced.When the TiO_(2)concentration was 4%,the filtration efficiency was 97.9%.The air resistance was reduced to 260.2 Pa.In addition,the antibacterial efficiency of the PLA@TiO_(2)membrane against E.coli and S.aureus reached 100%.TiO_(2)embed-ded in PLA fiber could also enable the fibrous membrane to absorb ultraviolet radiation,and the ultraviolet transmittance(T_(UVB))of the PLA@TiO_(2)fibrous membranes was reduced to 20.1%compared with pure PLA fibrous membrane,which could prevent and avoid skin injury and other diseases.The combination of nanofiber electret properties and beaded structure provides efficient filtration,low air resistance,and high bacteriostatic efficiency.It provides a useful reference for reducing and preven-ting the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.

关 键 词：矿山粉尘 纳纤膜 长效低阻 紫外屏蔽 抗菌性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]