低共熔溶剂浸出退役锂离子电池正极材料中金属元素的研究进展  

Research Progress on Leaching Metals from Cathode Materials of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries by Deep Eutectic Solvent

作　　者：邸思 何喜红 文云鹏 DI Si;HE Xihong;WEN Yunpeng(School of Metallurgical Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学冶金工程学院,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2024年第5期398-407,共10页Materials China

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JM-370)。

摘　　要：随着电动汽车及电子行业的快速发展,锂离子电池(lithium-ion batteries,LIBs)的生产量不断增加,由此导致退役LIBs的数量急剧增加。退役LIBs的正极材料中含有大量的Li,Co,Ni等高价值金属元素,对其高效回收可实现资源的循环利用。湿法技术是回收退役LIBs正极材料中金属元素的主要方法,浸出是该技术的一个关键环节。在众多的浸出剂中,低共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvent,DES)是一类清洁有效的绿色试剂,在浸出钴酸锂、锰酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂等正极材料方面展现了良好的应用前景。按照氢键供体的结构,将浸出正极材料的DES分为5类:醇类、尿素及硫脲类、磺酸类、羧酸类和膦酸类。论述了各类DES浸出正极材料的性能和机理,比较了各类DES的优缺点,展望了DES在LIBs回收中的应用前景。With the rapid development of the electric vehicle and electronics industries,the production of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)increases continuously,leading to the number of spent LIBs increased dramatically.The cathode materials of spent LIBs contain a large amount of high-value metals,such as Li,Co and Ni.The effective recovery of those metals can achieve resource recycling.Hydrometallurgy technology is the most widely used method for the recovery of metal elements from spent LIBs cathode materials,and leaching is a key process of this technology.Among numerous leaching agents,deep eutectic solvent(DES)is a type of clean and effective green reagents,which exhibit good application prospects in leaching cathode materials such as lithium cobalt oxide,lithium manganese oxide,and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide.In this paper,the DES for leaching cathode materials were categorized into five groups according to the structure of hydrogen-bond donors,the leaching performance and mechanism of each group DES was discussed,the merits and disadvantages of each group DES were compared,and the application prospects of the DES in LIBs recycling was proposed.

关 键 词：低共熔溶剂 锂离子电池 正极材料 浸出 回收 

分 类 号：TF803.2[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TQ09[化学工程]