Ni-Mn基多晶铁磁形状记忆合金的韧化  

Toughening of Polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Based Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys

作　　者：马思遥 张学习[1] 钱明芳[1] 贾政刚 钟诗江 耿林[1] MA Siyao;ZHANG Xuexi;QIAN Mingfang;JIA Zhenggang;ZHONG Shijiang;GENG Lin(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2024年第5期408-419,共12页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51701052)。

摘　　要：固态制冷技术由于具有环保、高效、节能的特点,因而有望取代传统的气体压缩式制冷技术。在各种有竞争力的制冷剂中,Ni-Mn基铁磁形状记忆合金由于具有磁热效应、弹热效应、压热效应、磁阻、磁致应变等多功能特性而受到了人们的广泛关注。近年来,材料工程师及科学家们对Ni-Mn基磁形状记忆合金的热效应开展了一列深入的研究并取得了众多研究成果,但Ni-Mn基合金韧性较低,导致性能衰减快、循环稳定性差,限制了Ni-Mn基合金的应用。综述了传统的过渡族元素、稀土元素和类金属元素掺杂引起的固溶强化、第二相强化、细晶强化和晶界净化与修饰对Ni-Mn基合金韧性的影响规律,比较了不同方法在Ni-Mn基合金韧性增强方面的优缺点,归纳了近年来受到重视的尺寸效应和全d轨道杂化等强韧化机理,分析了轨道杂化途径存在的主要问题,展望了Ni-Mn基合金的研究和发展方向,对促进Ni-Mn基合金在功能器件等领域的应用具有重要的意义。The solid-state refrigeration technology is expected to replace the traditional gas compression refrigeration technology because of its environmental protection,high efficiency,and energy saving characteristics.Among various competitive solid-state cooling materials,Ni-Mn-based ferromagnetic memory alloys have received widespread attention due to their multifunctional properties such as magnetocaloric effect,elastocaloric effect,barocaloric effect,magnetoresistance,and magnetic field induced strain,etc.In recent years,materials engineers and scientists have carried out a series of in-depth studies on the thermal effects of Ni-Mn-based magnetic shape memory alloys and have obtained numerous research results.However,the poor toughness and cyclic stability greatly limited their practical application in solid-state refrigeration region.This article summarizes the influence of element doping,microstructure design and size effect on the strength and toughness of Ni-Mnbased ferromagnetic shape memory alloys,where the mechanisms are also summarized.The pros and cons of different methods in Ni-Mn-based alloy toughness enhancement are compared.The main problems existing in orbital hybridization methods are analyzed.The main research direction of Ni-Mn-based ferromagnetic memory alloy is prospected,which has important theoretical significance and research value for promoting the application of Ni-Mn-based ferromagnetic memory alloy in various fields.

关 键 词：铁磁形状记忆合金 NI-MN-GA合金 韧化 固体制冷 弹热效应 全d轨道杂化 

分 类 号：TG139.6[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]