施氮量对麦后复种不同蔬菜模式土壤养分及产量的影响  

Influence of nitrogen application on soil nutrients and yields of various vegetables grown after wheat harvest

作　　者：王巧玲 赵晓红 刘根红[1] 刘露露 张倩 李杨 杨伊玲 WANG Qiaoling;ZHAO Xiaohong;LIU Genhong;LIU Lulu;ZHANG Qian;LI Yang;YANG Yiling(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Agricultural Service Center of Litong District in Wuzhong City,Wuzhong 751100,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏吴忠利通区农业服务中心,宁夏银川751100

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第2期107-116,共10页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2019BBF02007,2021BEF02034)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究施氮量对麦后复种不同蔬菜模式下土壤特性及蔬菜产量的影响,为宁夏灌区麦后复种氮肥合理高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】以麦后复种娃娃菜(小义和秋)、辣椒(娇龙7号)、萝卜(心里美)为材料,采用裂区设计,主区为3种复种蔬菜,娃娃菜(A)、辣椒(B)、萝卜(C),副区为4个施氮水平:0(N_(1))、180 kg/hm^(2)(N_(2))、225 kg/hm^(2)(N_(3))、270 kg/hm^(2)(N_(4)),通过作物生长及土壤相关指标测定,研究了不同施氮量在3种复种模式下对土壤养分及蔬菜产量的影响。【结果】适量增施氮肥有利于提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷和有机质含量,其在N_(3)处理下的含量均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);速效钾、含水量和容重则随施氮量增加有所下降;复种模式对土壤养分的影响表现为为娃娃菜>萝卜>辣椒;各复种蔬菜产量随施氮量的增加变化不同,辣椒和萝卜产量随施氮量增加呈抛物线型变化,N_(3)处理下值最高分别为1095.19 kg/667m^(2)、9006.24 kg/667m^(2),较其他处理分别显著提高71.64%~199.44%、21.22%~143.97%,娃娃菜产量随施氮量增加而持续增加,N_(4)处理下值最高达8205.60 kg/667m^(2),较其他处理显著提高39.03%~314.89%。【结论】适宜的施氮量能有效改善土壤性状、促进养分循环与增加、提高蔬菜产量,适宜宁夏灌区麦后复种的施氮量为225 kg/hm^(2)。【Objective】This study investigates the influence of nitrogen application rates on soil charac⁃teristics and vegetable yields under various vegetable cropping patterns subsequent to wheat cultivation,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the rational and efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer in the Ningxia irri⁃gation area post-wheat.【Method】The experiment utilized wheat followed by multiple cropping of baby cab⁃bage(Xiaoyiheqiu),pepper(Jiaolong 7),and radish(Xinlimei).A split-plot design was implemented,with the main plots consisting of three types of multiple cropped vegetables:baby cabbage(A),pepper(B),and radish(C).Subplots featured four nitrogen application levels:0 kg/hm²(N_(1)),180 kg/hm²(N_(2)),225 kg/hm²(N_(3)),and 270 kg/hm²(N_(4)).The impacts of different nitrogen application rates on soil nutrients and vegetable yields under these cropping patterns were assessed through measurements of crop growth and soil indices.【Result】Results indicated that an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer significantly enhanced the con⁃tent of soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and organic matter,with the N_(3)treatment showing markedly higher levels than other treatments(P<0.05).Available potassium,water content,and bulk den⁃sity decreased with increasing nitrogen application rates.The influence of multiple cropping patterns on soil nutrients followed the order:baby cabbage>radish>pepper.Vegetable yields under multiple cropping showed variation with nitrogen application rates.Pepper and radish yields exhibited a parabolic response to nitrogen application rate increases,with peak yields under the N_(3)treatment at 1095.19 kg/667 m²and 9006.24 kg/667 m²,respectively,surpassing other treatments by 71.64%to 199.44%and 21.22%to 143.97%,respectively.Baby cabbage yields increased with nitrogen application rates,peaking at 8,205.60 kg/667 m²under the N_(4)treatment,which was significantly higher than other treatments by 39.03%to 314.89%.【Conclusion】An appropriate nitrogen applicat

关 键 词：施氮量 麦后复种 蔬菜 土壤养分 产量 

分 类 号：S143.14[农业科学—肥料学]