苹果枝条肥料化施用对果园土壤和果树发育及果实品质的影响  

Effects of fertilization application of waste branches on orchard soil and fruit tree development and fruit quality

作　　者：郭志刚 魏佳峰 杜文彪 李玉涛 左存武 安小娟 GUO Zhigang;WEI Jiafeng;DU Wenbiao;LI Yutao;ZUO Cunwu;AN Xiaojuan(School of Biological Engineering,Tianshui Normal University,Tianshui 741000,China;Jiangsu Agraforum Ecocycle Technology Co.,Ltd.Nantong,Nantong 226000,China;College of horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]天水师范学院生物工程学院,甘肃天水741000 [2]江苏爱佳福如土壤修复有限公司,江苏南通226000 [3]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第2期127-135,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：苹果抗逆诱导栽培技术研究与示范项目(2021-JHGLG-9885);甘肃省重大科技专项(22ZD6NA045);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(21YF5NE199,20YF8NA051)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究西北地区废弃树枝还田的可行性。【方法】2020~2021年在甘肃天水花牛果园以沃润德复合有机肥为对照(CK),分别以枝叶粉碎后直接施用(RF)、发酵后施用(FB)为还田处理,对苹果树新梢、新叶、土壤性状及果实品质进行测定,分析不同处理对苹果树树体发育和果实品质及果园土壤性状的影响。【结果】与CK相比,FB当年生新梢直径和叶绿素含量分别提高5.92%和2.35%,叶片氮和钾分别提高2.85%和7.62%。果实采收后FB土壤有机质和碱解氮分别比CK提高11.9%和4.52%,土壤细菌数量提高2.12%,而RF土壤速效磷比对照提高5.32%。主成分分析表明,各处理果实品质综合指标从高到低排名依次为CK>FB>RF,但FB与CK无显著差异。【结论】苹果枝条发酵后施用保持了与常规有机肥施用相当的树体生长量、果实品质和土壤理化性质,可应用于该区域苹果果园清洁生产。【Objective】To investigate the feasibility of returning waste branches to the field in northwest China.【Method】Commercial organic fertilizer was used as the control(CK),and branches and leaves were crushed and applied directly(RF)and after fermentation(FB)as the return treatments in 2020~2021 in TianshuiHuaniu apple orchard in Gansu Province,and the new tips,new leaves,soil properties and fruit quality of apple trees were measured.The effects of different treatments on apple tree development,fruit quality,and orchard soil properties were analyzed.【Result】Compared with CK,the diameter and chlorophyll content of the new annual leaves of FB increased by 5.92%and 2.35%,and the nitrogen and potassium contents of the leaves increased by 2.85%and 7.62%,respectively.After fruit harvest,soil organic matter and alkaline digested nitrogen increased by 11.9%and 4.52%,respectively,and soil bacterial population increased by 2.12%in FB compared to CK,while RF soil fast-acting phosphorus increased by 5.32%compared to the control.Procipal component analysis showed that the overall fruit quality index of each treatment was ranked from high to low as CK>FB>RF,but there was no significant difference between FB and CK.【Conclusion】After fermentation,apple shoots maintained the tree growth,fruit quality and soil physicochemical properties comparable to conventional organic fertilizer application,which can be applied to the clean production of apple orchards in this area.

关 键 词：废弃枝条 废弃物利用 生态保护 果园生态 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]