划破草皮技术对退化高寒小嵩草草甸土壤及植被恢复的影响  

Effect of sod cutting techniques on soil and vegetation restoration of degraded Kobresia pygmaea alpine meadows

作　　者：樊博 林丽[1,2,3] 郭小伟[1,2] 钱大文 兰玉婷[1,2] 司梦可 李本措[1,2] FAN Bo;LIN Li;GUO Xiaowei;QIAN Dawen;LAN Yuting;SI Mengke;Li Bencuo(Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;Institute of Three River-Source National Park,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810008 [2]中国科学院三江源国家公园研究院,青海西宁810008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第2期194-205,共12页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：青海省科技援青项目“内源养分活化技术对退化小蒿草草甸功能恢复实践研究”(2024-QY-211);2023年度青海省“昆仑英才高端创新创业人才”培养拔尖人才项目[青人才字(2024)1号]。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同土壤草皮划破技术对高寒小嵩草草甸土壤理化性质和植物群落地上生产力恢复的影响。【方法】以退化小嵩草草甸的不同土层深度(0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40 cm)土壤养分、水分、紧实度等特征及植物群落生长繁殖特性为评判指标,分析划破草皮(C_(1))、划破草皮+补播(C_(2))、划破草皮+施肥(C_(3))、划破草皮+补播+施肥(C_(4))4种草皮划破技术处理对土壤理化性质和植物群落地上生产力恢复的影响。【结果】4种草皮划破技术处理下土壤湿度分别比对照增加了0.09%、4.80%、3.58%和4.05%,对土壤碳、氮、磷和钾含量亦具有一定程度的提升效果。双因素方差分析结果表明,处理方式、土壤深度及两者的交互作用对土壤全碳和全氮含量存在极显著影响(P<0.01)。不同处理方式对植物群落及实生苗数量特征存在不同程度的提升效应(P<0.01),其中,C_(2)处理植物群落密度比对照增加了68.77株/m^(2)(P<0.05);双子叶植物数量与土壤无机碳含量存在极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),相关系数为-0.37。基于不同处理的土壤物理性质(土壤湿度、土壤温度、土壤紧实度)、全量养分(全氮、全碳)和速效养分(有效磷、速效钾、铵态氮)含量的标准化多维数据分析结果表明,单一划破草皮处理(C_(1))在短期内对土壤物理和化学性质的综合改善能力较弱,而在划破草皮之上辅以补播或施肥处理对土壤理化性质的改善和限制性养分的活化效果更优。【结论】采用划破草皮配合外源种库和外源养分添加的生态恢复措施可以在短期内提高退化小嵩草草甸生产能力和土壤限制性养分含量,在生态恢复实践中具有一定的应用前景。【Objective】To determine the effects of different sod cutting techniques on soil physicochemical properties and above-ground productivity recovery of plant communities in Kobresia pygmaea alpine meadows.【Method】Using total soil nutrients(total carbon,total nitrogen,inorganic carbon),available soil nutrients(available phosphorus,available potassium,ammonium nitrogen),soil moisture,soil compactness and numerical characteristics of the plant community as indicators,the restoration effects on the degradation of alpine K.pygmaea were evaluated using the restoration measures of sod cutting(C_(1)),sod cutting+reseeding(C_(2)),sod cutting+fertilization(C_(3))and sod cutting+reseeding+fertilization(C_(4)).【Result】Soil moisture of C_(1),C_(2),C_(3)and C_(4)treatments was 0.09%,4.80%,3.58%and 4.05%higher than the control treatment(CK),and the concentrations of soil carbon(C),nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)were also significantly increased compared to CK(P<0.05).Soil total C and N concentrations were significantly influenced by soil depth,treatments and their interactions based on two-way ANOVA analysis(P<0.01).Different treatments had different effects on the increase of plant community characteristics and seed emergence(P<0.01),among which the density of the plant community in C_(3)was increased by 68.77 plants/m^(2)compared to CK(P<0.05).The population of dicotyledonous plants was significantly negatively correlated with soil inorganic C(P<0.01)with a correlation coefficient of-0.37.The capacity of C_(2),C_(3)and C_(4)in restoring the degraded meadows was higher than that of C_(1)by comprehensively assessing the restoration effects of soil physical and chemical properties using the standardized multidimensional data analysis.【Conclusion】Sod cutting with exogenous seed bank and exogenous nutrient addition can improve the productivity and soil limited nutrient content of degraded Kobresia pygmaea meadow in a short period of time,and these methods have a certain application prospect in ecological res

关 键 词：生态恢复 划破草皮 高寒小嵩草草甸 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]