中国耕地种植制度遥感探测及其时空特征  

Remote Sensing Detection of Cropping System and Its Spatial-Temporal Pattern in China

作　　者：张素心 申格 余强毅[1] 吴文斌[1] ZHANG SuXin;SHEN Ge;YU QiangYi;WU WenBin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land of Northern China/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081;Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou 310018)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部农业遥感重点实验室,北京100081 [2]浙江财经大学土地与城乡发展研究院,杭州310018

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第8期1469-1489,共21页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42171271);中国农业科学院“青年创新”专项(Y2022QC16);浙江省自然科学基金(LQ23D010001)。

摘　　要：[目的]耕地种植制度是农业生产方式的具体体现,其形成受自然资源要素与人类土地利用行为综合影响,反映了“人类-自然”的耦合关系。本研究旨在科学掌握全国耕地种植制度格局,为优化农业生产布局、提高农业生产能力、推动农业可持续性发展提供依据。[方法]结合遥感监测与空间决策树模型等手段,构建适合我国农情的跨年度种植制度探测方法体系,并开展空间格局分析。首先,通过辨析种植强度、复种指数等概念,从长期性、周期性、稳定性等方面,定义种植制度的内涵;其次,构建连续度、频度指标,并利用基于时序遥感的2001—2018年中国复种指数监测结果,结合时间滑动窗口方法,在像元尺度分别计算两个指标的具体值;最后,评估耕地的种植强度与种植制度特征的显著性,利用决策树方法确定种植制度类型,从区域差异、动态规律等方面分析不同区域种植制度的时空异质特征。[结果](1)面积上看,一年一熟所占面积最大,占53.52%,超过耕地总面积的一半;其次是一年两熟,占23.28%,季节性休耕(如两年三熟)与年度休耕分别占12.80%和6.94%。(2)空间上看,一年一熟、一年两熟、季节性休耕与年度休耕的集中分布区分别为东北地区、华北地区、长江以南地区与“镰刀弯”地区。(3)时间上看,动态稳定的种植制度从时间维度上揭示了静态复种指数背后的异质性,例如,2018年复种指数为1的区域,其中75.18%属于一年一熟、6.60%属于一年两熟、8.92%属于季节性休耕、8.02%属于年度休耕。[结论]本研究提出了一种结合时序遥感监测与空间决策树模型的跨年度分类体系,揭示了中国耕地种植制度分区聚集、种植强度南高北低的空间格局,直观展现了松嫩平原、“镰刀弯”等空间聚集区;分析了耕地复种与种植制度的时空差异特征,主要表现在种植制度与年度复种指数的空间不一�[Objective]Cropping systems of cropland are the concrete embodiment of the mode of agricultural production,which reflect the coupled human-environment interactions.The formation is affected by natural resource elements and human land use behavior.This study aims to scientifically understand the spatial-temporal pattern of cropping systems,which helps to optimize agricultural distribution,improve agricultural production capacity,and realize the sustainable agriculture.[Method]This study combined remote sensing monitoring with spatial decision tree models and other means to construct an inter-annual detection method system for cropping systems,which is designed for Chinese agricultural conditions,and then spatial pattern of cropping systems was analyzed.Firstly,the connotation of cropping systems was defined by identifying concepts such as cropping intensity,multiple cropping index,and considering of characteristics of“long-lasting”“periodicity”“stability”.Secondly,the indicators(i.e.continuity and frequency)were constructed,and were calculated at the pixel scale by the moving time window.Finally,the significance of the cropping intensity and characteristics of cropping system was evaluated.The decision tree method was also applied to determine the type of cropping systems,and the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of cropping systems in different regions was analyzed from the aspects of regional differences and dynamic laws.[Result](1)Quantitatively,the largest area,53.52%,is occupied by the single-cropping system,followed by the double-cropping system at 23.28%,the seasonal fallow system(i.e.3 crops in 2 years)and the annual fallow system at 12.80%and 6.94%,respectively.(2)Spatially,the single-cropping system,double-cropping system,seasonal fallow system and annual fallow system are concentrated in Northeast China,North China,South of Yangtze River and“Sickle Bend”areas,respectively.(3)Temporally,it revealed the heterogeneity of cropping system and static multiple cropping index in the time dimension.

关 键 词：耕地 种植制度 复种 休耕轮作 跨年度 时空格局 

分 类 号：S127[农业科学—农业基础科学]