马铃薯主栽品种抗马铃薯金线虫鉴定及抗性分子标记检测  

Identification and Evaluation of Major Potato Cultivars Resistance to Globodera rostochiensis and Detection of Their H1 Resistance Gene Marker

作　　者：黄立强 江如 朱波汁 彭焕[1] 许翀 宋家雄 陈敏 李永青 黄文坤[1] 彭德良[1] HUANG LiQiang;JIANG Ru;ZHU BoZhi;PENG Huan;XU Chong;SONG JiaXiong;CHEN Min;LI YongQing;HUANG WenKun;PENG DeLiang(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193;Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Zhaotong City,Yunnan Province,Zhaotong 657000,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]云南省昭通市植保植检站,云南昭通657000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第8期1506-1516,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1400400);国家自然科学基金(32072398);云南省彭德良专家工作站(2023-126);昭通市科学技术局彭德良专家工作站(2021 ZTYX03);政府购买服务项目(15190025);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-02-IPP-15)。

摘　　要：[目的]马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis)是国际公认的重要检疫性有害生物,目前已在云南、贵州、四川3省7县(市)发生危害,产区内多个种薯基地受到传播威胁。通过西南地区马铃薯主栽品种对马铃薯金线虫的抗性鉴定、分子标记检测及田间抗性评价,明确已知抗病基因的分布情况,为该地区马铃薯金线虫应急防控、抗病品种合理布局和良种推广提供依据。[方法]利用云南马铃薯金线虫群体对15份马铃薯主栽品种进行室内盆栽接种,计算最终单株孢囊数和相对感病性,根据抗性等级划分标准进行抗性评价;同时利用57R和TG689分子标记鉴定抗马铃薯金线虫H1,以β-胡萝卜素羟化酶基因的BCH分子标记为对照;并于2020年和2021年在云南省昭通市开展两年度的田间试验,在播种前和收获后分别采集土壤样品并分离孢囊,计算播种前初始群体密度(Pi)、最终群体密度(Pf)及平均繁殖系数(Pf/Pi)。马铃薯现蕾至始花期测定株高,收获时测定产量。[结果]15个马铃薯主栽品种中的云薯505、宣薯5号、会薯15号、会薯19号以及云薯304共5个品种为高抗品种,马铃薯金线虫基本不能在这些品种上繁殖;丽薯6号、宣薯6号为中感品种;其余8个为高感品种,尤其是会-2、丽薯15号以及宣薯8号的平均繁殖系数高于感病对照品种会薯16号(Pf/Pi=17.15)。两个H1基因鉴定分子标记结果大致相同,5个马铃薯品种,即云薯505、宣薯5号、会薯15号、云薯304和宣薯6号含H1。马铃薯金线虫的繁殖系数在田间抗/感马铃薯品种上具有显著性差异,抗性等级为9的高抗品种田间平均繁殖系数在2021年(0.04-0.12)和2022年(0.05-0.14)均<1.00,表明高抗品种种植后线虫田间群体密度有一定程度的降低。高感品种平均繁殖系数在2021年(1.18-2.75)和2022年(1.76-3.24)均>1.00,高感品种种植后田间线虫种群数量增加。不同品种间株高和产量差异显著(P<0.0[Objective]Potato cyst nematodes(PCN),including Globodera rostochiensis and G.pallida,are damaging soilborne quarantine parasitic pests on potatoes.The G.rostochiensis has now distributed in seven counties of Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan provinces in China,and several seed potato bases are threatened by the spread of G.rostochiensis.This study aimed to identify the resistance level of major potato cultivars to G.rostochiensis,clarify the presence of a known H1 resistance gene,and to provide a reference for screening and promoting resistant cultivars for controlling G.rostochiensis.[Method]For bioassay,15 major potato cultivars from the southwest mixed-cropping zone were inoculated with G.rostochiensis populations in an isolation greenhouse.The number of cysts per plant was counted and relative susceptibility was calculated,and finally the resistance of the cultivars was ranked according to a standard scoring notation.For H1 resistance gene identification,two molecular markers 57R and TG689,linked to the H1 for resistance to G.rostochiensis Ro1 pathotype,were used to identify 15 cultivars of the bioassay,with the BCH marker for amplification of the beta carotene hydroxylase gene as a control.For the field trial,a comparison of resistant and susceptible potato cultivars was conducted in a naturally infested field in 2020 and 2021 in Zhaotong,Yunnan Province.To estimate the initial(Pi)and final(Pf)populations of G.rostochiensis,soil sample was taken before planting and after harvested,and the reproduction factor(Pf/Pi)was calculated.The height of above-ground part of the plant at budding and initial flowering stages and the total yields at harvesting stage were measured.[Result]Among the 15 major potato cultivars,five cultivars(Yunshu 505,Xuanshu 5,Huishu 15,Huishu 19,and Yunshu 304)are highly resistant.It’s hard for G.rostochiensis to reproduce on these cultivars.Two cultivars(Lishu 6 and Xuanshu 6)are moderately susceptible.Eight cultivars are highly susceptible,especially the Pf/Pi of Hui-2,Lishu 15 and Xuanshu 8

关 键 词：马铃薯金线虫 马铃薯抗性品种 H1抗病基因 分子标记检测 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]