磷指数模型在美国的应用和发展  

Review on development of phosphorus indices in the United States

作　　者：马华 雷秋良[1] 杜新忠 赵营[2] 李影 安妙颖 武淑霞[1] 樊秉乾 刘宏斌[1] MA Hua;LEI Qiuliang;DU Xinzhong;ZHAO Ying;LI Ying;AN Miaoying;WU Shuxia;FAN Bingqian;LIU Hongbin(Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Changping Soil Quality National Observation and Research Station/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Yinchuan 750002,China;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室/北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,银川750002 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第5期965-973,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U20A20114,42107076);国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2022YFC3204001);国家留学基金委项目。

摘　　要：磷是植物生长必需的营养元素之一,在农业生产中起着关键作用。然而,长期过量的磷肥投入导致土壤磷素水平增加,进而加大了土壤磷素流失风险,造成农业非点源磷污染,同时这也成为导致水体富营养化的主要因素之一。因此,识别和管理农业非点源磷的流失风险关键区,成为面源污染亟待解决的关键问题。磷指数模型起源于20世纪90年代,是评估农田磷流失潜力和指导磷管理决策的重要工具之一。根据研究区特点,美国众多学者在各州设立了不同的磷指数指标体系,优化了磷指数的组成因子、计算方法和分级标准。本文对美国各州磷指数模型评价体系进行了综述和评价,指出了磷指数模型的局限性,提出了改进方向,以期为我国磷素管理方法提供借鉴。Phosphorus is a necessary nutrient for plant growth and plays a key role in agricultural production.With the increasing risk of phosphorus loss from soil to water,agricultural non-point source phosphorus pollution has become the main cause of water eutrophication.Determining how to identify and manage the key areas of agricultural non-point source phosphorus loss risk has become an urgent problem to be solved.The phosphorus index method is a tool used to assess the phosphorus loss potential of farmland and guide phosphorus management decisions.It has been applied in the United States since the 1990s.In its subsequent applications,states in the United States,as well as other countries and regions,established different index systems according to local characteristics and optimized their component factors,calculation methods,and grading standards.This review analyzes and comments on the constituent factors,calculation methods,and classification standards of all American states.It also discusses the direction of future improvements against the limitations of the phosphorus index method to provide a reference for phosphorus management in China.

关 键 词：磷指数 非点源污染 磷素迁移 评价体系 流失风险 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X71