蝇蛆预处理及辅料添加对鸡粪堆肥氨挥发和温室气体排放的影响  

Effects of excipient incorporation and fly maggot pretreatment on ammonia emissions and greenhouse gases emissions during chicken manure composting

作　　者：刘尚斌 郑祥洲[2] 王煌平[2] 吴一群[2] 吕健 张玉树[2] LIU Shangbin;ZHENG Xiangzhou;WANG Huangping;WU Yiqun;LÜJian;ZHANG Yushu(College of Resource and Environmental Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation,Fuzhou 350002,China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Fuzhou 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院/福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室,福州350002 [2]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/福建省植物营养与肥料重点实验室,福州350013

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第5期1151-1162,共12页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：福建省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(CXTD202102-2);福建省农业科学院农业高质量发展超越协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021009);福建省公益项目(2023R11030086,2023R1023001);福建省农业科学院英才项目(YC2021010)。

摘　　要：为明确蝇蛆预处理及辅料添加对鸡粪堆肥过程中NH3挥发及温室气体排放的影响,本研究分别将风化褐煤、厨余垃圾、蘑菇渣与鸡粪混合,在进行蝇蛆预处理后堆肥,研究试验过程中NH3挥发和温室气体的排放规律。试验设置8个处理,分别为对照组(无蝇蛆预处理):纯鸡粪(CK1)、30%风化褐煤+70%鸡粪(CK2)、30%厨余垃圾+70%鸡粪(CK3)、30%蘑菇渣+70%鸡粪(CK4);试验组(蝇蛆预处理):纯鸡粪(T1)、30%风化褐煤+70%鸡粪(T2)、30%厨余垃圾+70%鸡粪(T3)、30%蘑菇渣+70%鸡粪(T4)。结果表明:蝇蛆预处理能够延长堆肥高温期,≥50℃天数均达到10 d以上,相比CK1增加5~9 d;在整个试验期间试验组NH3挥发集中在堆肥第2天,试验组NH3累积排放量显著低于对照组,降幅达到42.7%~61.1%,菇渣添加处理的NH3累积排放量在对照组中最低;风化褐煤的添加能够显著降低N2O排放,T2相比于T1降低84.2%,CK2相比于CK1降低51.7%。蝇蛆预处理能够显著降低CO_(2)排放当量,相比CK1降低32.1%~73.2%,其中,T4的CO_(2)排放当量最低。研究表明,蝇蛆预处理能够提高堆肥温度、延长堆肥高温期、显著降低NH3排放和CO_(2)排放当量,若从堆肥温度及CO_(2)排放当量方面考虑蝇蛆预处理和菇渣组合为最优处理。To investigate the effects of fly maggot pretreatment and excipient incorporation on greenhouse gas emissions and NH3 volatilization during chicken manure composting,a mixture of weathered lignite,kitchen waste,mushroom residue,and chicken manure was chosen for evaluation.Specifically,NH3 volatilization and greenhouse gas emissions during composting were studied.The study included four control groups(no fly maggot pretreatment),which were composed of pure chicken manure(CK1),a blend of 30%weathered lignite and 70%chicken manure(CK2),30%kitchen waste and 70%chicken manure(CK3),and 30%mushroom residue and 70%chicken manure(CK4).Additionally,there were four test groups with fly maggot pretreatment,including pure chicken manure(T1),a blend of 30%weathered lignite and 70%chicken manure(T2),30%kitchen waste and 70%chicken manure(T3),and 30%mushroom residue and 70%chicken manure(T4).The results indicated that maggot pretreatment prolonged the period with temperatures≥50℃by 5-9 days compared to CK1.During the whole test period,the NH3 emissions of the test group were concentrated in the 2nd day of composting,and the NH3 cumulative emission of pretreatment of fly maggots was significantly lower than that of the control group,with a decrease of 42.7%-61.1%.The NH3 cumulative emission from mushroom residue was the lowest in the control group.N2O emissions were significantly reduced by weathered lignite.Fly maggot pretreatment significantly reduced CO_(2)emission equivalent(ECO_(2)e),which is 32.1%-73.2%lower than CK1.The combined combination of mushroom residue and fly maggot pretreatment had the lowest ECO_(2)e.In summary,the test group experienced increased composting temperatures,while significantly reduced NH3 and ECO_(2)e.Based on composting temperature and ECO_(2)e,a combination of fly maggot pretreatment and mushroom residue is recommended as an optimal management solution.

关 键 词：蝇蛆预处理 好氧堆肥 厨余垃圾 温室气体减排 氨挥发 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]