控释掺混肥对夏玉米氮肥利用效率和气态氮损失的影响  

Effects of blends of controlled-release and conventional nitrogen fertilizers on nitrogen utilization efficiency and gaseous nitrogen loss in summer maize cropland

作　　者：曹兵[1,4] 高玮 李洪杰 王学霞 王玉霞 谷佳林 倪小会[1,4] 李子双 CAO Bing;GAO Wei;LI Hongjie;WANG Xuexia;WANG Yuxia;GU Jialin;NI Xiaohui;LI Zishuang(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resource and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou 253015,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-Release Fertilizer,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [2]德州市农业科学研究院,山东德州253015 [3]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071001 [4]北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第5期1190-1198,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD170060504,2023YFD1701005);北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230304);北京市农林科学院创新平台建设项目(PT2023-47);新型肥料研发与评价科技能力提升项目(ZHS202301)。

摘　　要：为阐明控释掺混肥对夏玉米产量、氮肥利用效率和气态氮损失的影响,本研究以郑单958为供试材料,设不施氮对照(CK)、常规施氮(FFP)、优化施氮(OPT)、含30%控释尿素的控释掺混肥(CRBF30)和含50%控释尿素的控释掺混肥(CRBF50)共5个处理,对比分析了不同处理的夏玉米产量、氮肥利用效率和气态氮损失(氨挥发和N2O排放)的差异。结果发现,控释掺混肥(CRBF30和CRBF50处理)较FFP处理夏玉米增产1.4%~2.9%(P>0.05),在减氮和一次性施肥的条件下实现了夏玉米稳产。与FFP处理相比,CRBF30和CRBF50处理的氮肥吸收利用率分别提高了8.4个和11.1个百分点,其中CRBF50处理差异显著(P<0.05);氮肥偏生产力分别提高了8.87 kg·kg^(-1)和9.86 kg·kg^(-1)(P<0.05)。与FFP处理相比,控释掺混肥(CRBF30和CRBF50处理)的氨挥发强度和累积氨挥发损失分别降低71.9%~73.5%(P<0.05)和71.59%~72.66%(P<0.05),N2O排放强度和累积排放量分别显著降低了34.5%~41.4%(P<0.05)和33.7%~37.5%(P<0.05)。综上,施用控释掺混肥可兼顾夏玉米稳产、氮肥高效利用并降低氮素气态损失。Summer maize is an important staple food crop in China.The Huanghuaihai Plain is the main production area for summer maize,and stabilizing the planting area and yield of summer maize is of great significance for ensuring national food security.Adopting highefficiency nutrition management practices is critical for maintaining summer maize yields and for sustainable agricultural development.Controlled-release fertilizer is a novel nutrient-efficient and environment-friendly fertilizer that can provide available nutrients in the soil at controlled rates or concentration levels required for crop growth while maintaining the nutrients for a longer period.Controlled-release fertilizer can promote crop yield,simplify fertilizer application,save labor,improve nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),and reduce reactive nitrogen losses by better synchronization of nitrogen release and crop uptake.To determine the effects of the blends of controlled-release and conventional nitrogen fertilizers on summer maize yield,nitrogen utilization efficiency,and gaseous nitrogen loss,ammonia(NH3)volatilization was measured using the aeration method and nitrous oxide(N2O)emission was sampled using a static box and measured by gas chromatography.A field experiment was conducted using the summer maize cultivar Zhengdan 958,and five nitrogen fertilizer management treatments were established:no nitrogen fertilizer(CK),conventional nitrogen application(FFP),optimized nitrogen application(OPT),blends of controlled-release and conventional nitrogen fertilizers with 30%coated urea(CRBF30),and blends of controlled-release and conventional nitrogen fertilizers with 50%coated urea(CRBF50).For the CRBF30 and CRBF50 treatments,total nitrogen was applied simultaneously as basal fertilization.Summer maize yield,NUE,NH3 volatilization,and N2O emissions under different treatments were compared.The results showed that blends of controlled-release and conventional nitrogen fertilizers(CRBF30 and CRBF50 treatments)increased the yield of summer maize by 1.4%to 2.9%co

关 键 词：夏玉米 控释掺混肥 氮肥利用效率 氨挥发 N2O排放 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]