棉花秸秆中棉酚的危害及其脱毒技术研究进展  

Research progress on harm of gossypol in cotton straw and its detoxification technology

作　　者：任省涛 范瑞婷 莫改敬 王岩[3] 师勇强 马雄风[1,4] REN Sheng-tao;FAN Rui-ting;MO Gai-jing;WANG Yan;SHI Yong-qiang;MA Xiong-feng

机构地区：[1]棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点实验室河南师范大学基地/河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007 [2]河南科技学院,河南新乡453000 [3]郑州大学环境与生态学院,河南郑州450000 [4]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《饲料研究》2024年第7期141-145,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目(项目编号:22A610004);河南师范大学博士科研启动项目(项目编号:5101049170202)。

摘　　要：棉酚是棉花等锦葵科植物自然产生的黄色多酚类化合物,主要存在于棉花的根、茎、叶和种子内。棉酚具有动物毒性,动物长时间摄入会在体内蓄积引发中毒,造成动物繁殖性能下降、器官病变甚至死亡等。我国新疆棉花产量巨大,棉花产量约占全国的80%以上。棉花收获后,产生的棉花秸秆大多直接粉碎还田,造成了极大的资源浪费。棉花秸秆富含粗蛋白、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等,与普通农作物秸秆营养成分相当,但其棉酚含量超标限制了棉花秸秆饲料化的应用,如何实现棉酚的高效和低成本脱毒成为决定棉花秸秆饲料化的关键因素。文章归纳了棉酚的结构、性质、毒性、脱毒技术以及脱毒机制,为棉花秸秆饲料化利用提供参考。Gossypol is a yellow polyphenol naturally produced by Malvaceae plants such as cotton,which mainly exists in roots,stems,leaves,and seeds of cotton.Gossypol has animal toxicity,and long-term intake of gossypol will accumulate in livestock and cause poisoning,resulting in decreased fecundity,organ lesions,and even death of animals.The cotton output in Xinjiang is huge,accounting for more than 80%of the whole country.After cotton harvest,most of the waste cotton straws are directly crushed and returned to the field,resulting in great waste of resources.Cotton straw is rich in crude protein,cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin,which is equivalent to common crop straw in nutritional components.However,its gossypol content exceeded the standard,which limited the application of cotton straw feed.How to achieve efficient and low-cost detoxification of gossypol has become the key factor to determining the fodder of cotton straw.The structure,properties,toxicity,detoxification technology,and detoxification mechanism of gossypol were summarized in this paper,which provided a reference for feed utilization of cotton straw.

关 键 词：棉花秸秆 棉酚 脱毒机制 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]