低纬高原甘蔗中后期灾害性真菌病害综合防控技术系统构建  

Construction of Comprehensive Control Technology System for Disastrous Fungal Diseases in Middle and Late Stages of Sugarcane in Low Latitude Plateau

作　　者：王晓燕[1] 徐宏 李有荣 赵曌 李婕 孙石凤 王雪梅 单红丽[1] 张荣跃[1] 黄应昆 WANG Xiaoyan;XU Hong;LI Yourong;ZHAO Zhao;LI Jie;SUN Shifeng;WANG Xuemei;SHAN Hongli;ZHANG Rongyue;HUANG Yingkun(Sugarcane Research Institute,Yunnan Province Academy of Agricultural Science/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement,Kaiyuan,Yunnan 661699;Yunnan Zichen Agricultural Development Co.Ltd.,Dali,Yunnan 672100;Xinping County Economic Crop Workstation,Yuxi,Yunnan 653400)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所/云南省甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,云南开远661699 [2]云南紫辰农业发展有限公司,云南大理672100 [3]新平县经济作物工作站,云南玉溪653400

出　　处：《甘蔗糖业》2024年第2期33-39,共7页Sugarcane and Canesugar

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-170303);云岭产业技术领军人才培养项目“甘蔗有害生物防控”(2018LJRC56);云南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金。

摘　　要：针对低纬高原甘蔗中后期灾害性真菌病害防控难题,在明确甘蔗中后期灾害性真菌病害种类及病原种类、地理分布、危害损失和灾害特性的基础上,提出利用“早期诊断预警、抗病品种、温水脱毒种苗、农艺调控、无人机飞防、生物制剂及复合高效配方药剂”等构建低纬高原甘蔗中后期灾害性真菌病害综合防控技术系统。同时,从病害流行动态精准监测技术、抗病基因挖掘与利用技术、抗病精准评价技术、生防制剂和复合高效药剂配方及施药技术和飞防施药技术等方面系统剖析了实现甘蔗中后期灾害性真菌病害综合防控系统构建的关键技术方法。2021~2022年该技术在低纬高原云南8个甘蔗主产州市累计推广应用32.3万hm^(2)(无人机飞防6.7万hm^(2)),共挽回甘蔗损失388万t,增加蔗糖49.7万t,新增销售额42.09亿元,新增利润13.24亿元,增税1.99亿元,经济、社会和生态效益显著,为低纬高原蔗糖业可持续高质量发展、减损增效提供了技术支撑,为边疆民族经济发展和农民增收及乡村振兴做出了重大贡献。Aiming at the control problem of disastrous fungal diseases in the middle and late stages of sugarcane in low latitude plateau,on the basis of finding out the types,pathogen groups,geographic distribution,damage loss and disaster characteristics of disastrous fungal diseases in the middle and late stages of sugarcane,this paper proposed to construct a comprehensive control technology system of sugarcane disastrous fungal diseases in the middle and late stages in low latitude plateau by using“early diagnosis and early warning,disease-resistant varieties,virus-free seedlings treated by hot water,agronomic regulation,unmanned aerial vehicle(UVA)flight control,biological agents and compound high-efficiency formula agents”.Meanwhile,the key technical methods to realize the construction of comprehensive control system for sugarcane disastrous fungal diseases in the middle and late stage were systematically analyzed from the aspects of dynamics accurate monitoring technology of disease epidemic,mining and utilization technology of disease resistance genes,accurate evaluation technology of disease resistance,biological agents and compound high-efficiency formula agents and their application technology,and application technology of UVA flight control.From 2021 to 2022,a total of 323000 hm^(2)(UVA flight control 67000 hm^(2))was popularized and applied,which saved 3.88 million tons of cane loss,increased 497 kilotons of sucrose,increased sales by 4.209 billion yuan,increased profits by 1.324 billion yuan and increased taxes by 199 million yuan.The economic,social and ecological benefits are remarkable,which provide technical support for the sustainable and high-quality development,loss reduction and efficiency improvement of sugar industry in low latitude plateau,and makes a significant contribution to the economic development of frontier ethnic groups,the increase of farmers'income and the revitalization of rural areas.

关 键 词：甘蔗中后期 真菌病害 低纬高原 综合防控 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学] S435.661