世界卫生组织对医疗建筑自然通风的建议及思考  

Recommendations and reflections on natural ventilation in healthcare buildings from World Health Organization

作　　者：解皓 刘抚英 张琪 李洋 XIE Hao;LIU Fu-ying;ZHANG Qi;LI Yang(College of Jangho Architecture,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110169,China;Department of Medical Affair,Shen-yang Mental Health Center,Shenyang 110168,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学江河建筑学院,辽宁沈阳110169 [2]沈阳市精神卫生中心医务科,辽宁沈阳110168

出　　处：《中国感染控制杂志》2024年第5期547-555,共9页Chinese Journal of Infection Control

摘　　要：医疗建筑中的感染预防和控制是阻断传染病传播的重要一环。自然通风作为最为常见的一种通风形式可以降低医疗建筑中医务人员、患者及探视者被感染的风险。本研究梳理了严重急性呼吸综合症(SARS)至新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)疫情期间(2003—2022年)世界卫生组织对医疗建筑自然通风的建议,对本国此类问题的现状进行归纳并提出前述建议所带来的启示。世界卫生组织提出的建议较为明确和具体,值得本国相关主管部门及科研单位重视和学习。部分经验可为本国《医院隔离技术规范》《医院空气净化管理规范》《传染病医院建筑设计规范》和《综合医院建筑设计规范》等规范或标准未来的修订工作提供有益的参考。Infection prevention and control in healthcare buildings is important in blocking the spread of infectious diseases.As the most common form of ventilation,natural ventilation can reduce the infection risk in healthcare workers,patients and visitors in healthcare buildings.This study summarizes the recommendations from the World Health Organization on natural ventilation in healthcare buildings during the epidemic period from severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)(2003-2022),the current situation of such issues in China,and the enlightenment from the recommendations.The recommendations proposed by the World Health Organization are relatively clear and specific,and worthy for reference learning for relevant management departments and research institutions in China.Some of these experiences can provide useful references for the future revision of Chinese standards or codes such as Technique standard for isolation in hospitals,Management specification of air cleaning technique in hospitals,Code for design of infectious diseases hospital and Code for design of general hospital.

关 键 词：医疗建筑 自然通风 感染预防与控制 世界卫生组织 

分 类 号：R197.38[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]