深层碳酸盐岩储层酸压进展与展望  

Advance and Prospect of Acid Fracturing in Deep Carbonate Reservoirs

作　　者：郭建春[1,2] 苟波 陆灯云[3] 刘子豪 肖彬 徐科 任冀川 GUO Jianchun;GOU Bo;LU Dengyun;LIU Zihao;XIAO Bin;XU Ke;REN Jichun(Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu,Sichuan 610051,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学 [2]油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室 [3]中国石油川庆钻探工程有限公司

出　　处：《钻采工艺》2024年第2期121-129,共9页Drilling & Production Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“四川盆地深层含硫碳酸盐岩气藏立体酸压基础研究”(编号:U21A20105);国家自然科学基金项目“碳酸盐岩储层超临界CO_(2)酸压全周期协同调控水力裂缝导流能力机制”(编号:52374047)。

摘　　要：酸压改造是深层碳酸盐岩储层高效勘探开发的技术利器。随着勘探开发逐渐迈向特深层,厘清目前酸压技术发展现状与趋势至关重要。从酸压裂缝起裂与扩展、酸刻蚀水力裂缝与导流能力构建、酸压数值模拟技术3个方面阐释了酸压改造机理;分析了黏度控制型、生酸时间控制型、H+屏蔽吸附型、非盐酸基型等4类耐高温缓速酸液体系特点;系统梳理了我国深层碳酸盐岩酸压工艺技术发展的4个历程,剖析了目前9000 m以深特深层碳酸岩酸压面临的4个挑战:能否压开储层、地层温度突破酸液体系耐温极限、高温高压测试手段缺乏、储集体靶向沟通难度大。基于此,提出了5个酸压研究展望:特深井破裂压力精准预测、耐220℃多功能酸液体系研发、超高温高压实验平台构建、全在线酸压技术、超临界CO_(2)酸压技术探索,力求实现特深层碳酸盐岩高效立体开发。Acid fracturing is a valuable tool for effective development and exploitation of deep carbonate reservoirs.As exploration and development move towards ultra-deep formation,it is crucial to elucidate the current status and trends in acid-fracturing.This study elaborates on acid-fracturing mechanism from three aspects:the initiation and propagation of acid-fractures,the formation of acid-etched hydraulic fractures and conductivity,and acid-fracturing modeling and numerical simulation technology.Then four types of high-temperature-resistant retarded acid systems are analyzed,including viscosity-controlled,acid generation time control,H+shielding adsorption,and non-hydrochloric based acid systems.The four stages of the development of acid fracturing technology in deep carbonate reservoirs in China are systematically reviewed,and the four challenges currently faced by acid fracturing in ultra-deep carbonate rocks at 9,000 m are analyzed:the ability to fracturing the reservoir,reservoir temperatures exceeding the temperature limits of acid systems,lack of high-temperature and high-pressure testing methods,and difficulty in targeted communication with natural fractures and caves.Based on this,five prospects are proposed for acid-fracturing research:precise prediction of fracturing pressure in ultra-deep wells,development of a multifunctional acid system resistant to 220℃,construction of a extra high-temperature and high-pressure experimental platform,fully online acid-fracturing technology,and exploration of supercritical CO_(2)acid-fracturing technology,aiming to achieve high-efficiency three-dimensional exploitation of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs.

关 键 词：深层超深层 特深层 碳酸盐岩 酸压机理 酸液体系 酸压工艺 

分 类 号：TE357.2[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]