2020—2022年山东省烟台市鼠类监测分析  

An analysis of the rodents surveillance results in Yantai,Shandong Province from 2020 to 2022

作　　者：张慧敏 李春辉 王学军 邓文海 张贤勋 郭培军 ZHANG Huimin;LI Chunhui;WANG Xuejun;DENG Wenhai;ZHANG Xianxun;GUO Peijun(School of Public Health and Management,Binzhou Medical University,Yantai,Shandong 264003,China;Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yantai,Shandong 264003,China;Jinan Center for DiseaseControl and Prevention,Jinan,Shandong 250021,China;Laizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yantai,Shandong 261400,China;Muping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yantai,Shandong 264100,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州医学院公共卫生与管理学院,山东烟台264003 [2]烟台市疾病预防控制中心,山东烟台264003 [3]济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250021 [4]莱州市疾病预防控制中心,山东烟台261400 [5]牟平区疾病预防控制中心,山东烟台264100

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2024年第2期127-131,共5页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(202012070183);烟台市医疗卫生重点学科项目(2020)。

摘　　要：目的了解烟台市鼠类的鼠种构成、密度及季节消长情况,为指导鼠类防控和防治鼠传疾病提供科学依据。方法2020—2022年在烟台市13个区、县级市设置城镇居民区、重点行业、农村居民区3种生境鼠类监测点,单月中旬采用夹夜法进行监测。使用Excel 2021和SPSS 260软件对2020—2022年鼠种构成、鼠密度及季节消长特征进行汇总整理及统计分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2020—2022年共捕获鼠183只,总体鼠密度为017%。3年中鼠密度呈下降趋势,不同年份鼠密度差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7106,P=0029)。城镇居民区、重点行业、农村居民区生境中的鼠密度分别为008%、008%和033%,不同生境鼠密度差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=80943,P<0001)。褐家鼠、小家鼠、北社鼠、黑线姬鼠和黄胸鼠的构成比分别占6995%、1913%、491%、328%、109%。不同生境鼠种构成比差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=10712,P=0219)。不同年份鼠种构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=29229,P<0001)。季节分布中,褐家鼠密度呈单峰特征,密度高峰在7月,小家鼠密度呈双峰型特征密度高峰在5月和9月。结论山东省烟台市2020—2022年监测优势鼠种为褐家鼠。农村居民区是鼠类防控重点地区,建议根据鼠密度及季节消长特点,采取综合防治措施,以达到控制鼠密度和防治鼠传疾病的目的。Objective To investigate the species composition,density,seasonal fluctuation of rodents in Yantai,and to provide a scientific basis for guiding the prevention and control of rodents and rodent-borne diseases.Methods From 2020 to 2022,three habitat rodent surveillance sites were set up in 13 districts(counties)in Yantai,including urban residential areas,key industries and rural residential areas,and the trap-at-night method was used in the middle of each odd month.The species composition,density and seasonal fluctuation characteristics of rodents were analyzed from 2020 to 2022 The data were processed and analyzed using Excel 2021 and SPSS 260,and the Chi-square test was used to compare the rates.Results A total of 183 rodents were captured from 2020 to 2022,and the overall rodent density was 017%.The rodent density showed a decreasing trend in the three years,and there was a significant difference in rodent density in different years(χ^(2)=7106,P=0029).The rodent densities in the habitats of urban residential areas,key industries and rural residential areas were 008%,008%and 033%,respectively,and there were significant differences in rodent densities in different habitats(χ^(2)=80943,P<0001).The proportions of Rattus norvegicus,Mus musculus,Niviventer confucianus,Apodemus agrarius and R tanezumiaccounted for 6995%,1913%,491%,328%and 109%,respectively.There was no statistically significant differences in the composition ratio of rodent species in different habitats(χ^(2)=10712,P=0219).There were significant differences in the composition ratio of rodent species in different years(χ^(2)=29229,P<0001)The seasonal fluctuation of Rattus norvegicus density was unimodal in season,with the peak density in July,and the that of Mus musculus was bimodal in May and September.Conclusion Rattus norvegicus was the dominant rodent species surveillance in Yantai,Shandong Province from 2020 to 2022.Rural residential areas were key areas for rodent prevention and control.In order to achieve the purpose of controlling rodent de

关 键 词：鼠类 种群密度 季节消长 监测 

分 类 号：S443[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]