赣州市人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体筛查方法假阳性分析  

False-positive analysis of human Immunodeficiency virus antibody screening methods in Ganzhou

作　　者：高倩 廖勇[1] 胡晓军[1] 苏俊枝 刘俊杰 唐满妹 GAO Qian;LIAO Yong;HU Xiaojun;SU Junzhi;LIU Junjie;TANG Manmei(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Ganzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangxi Province,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省赣州市疾病预防控制中心检验科,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《中国当代医药》2024年第13期84-87,共4页China Modern Medicine

基　　金：江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目(202312004);江西省赣州市指导性科技计划项目(GZ2023ZSF341)。

摘　　要：目的探讨2015年1月至2022年12月赣州市疾病预防控制中心(CDC)人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体筛查实验室4697份样本的假阳性。方法对赣州市辖区内筛查阳性的4697份样本采用免疫印迹法进行确诊实验,统计分析获得各县区及各年份的假阳性率。结果通过人口特征分析发现女性的检测假阳性率高于男性,孕产期检测和献血人员检测假阳性率高于其他样本来源,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示临床检测时需注意特殊人群;在2015年1月至2022年12月收集的4697份样本总的假阳性率高达12.14%,并且呈现不断增长趋势,不同年份样本的假阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);18个县区中有10个县区假阳性率大于10%,CDC均使用第三代酶联免疫法试剂,而医疗机构以化学发光试剂为主。结论HIV抗体筛查阳性时依然非常有必要进行确诊实验检测,进一步确诊HIV感染,为临床诊断提供参考依据。Objective To investigate the false positives of 4697 samples from the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)antibody screening laboratory in Ganzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2015 to December 2022.Methods Western blotting was used to confirm 4697 positive samples in Ganzhou.The false positive rate of each county and each year was obtained by statistical analysis.Results Through demographic analysis,it was found that the false positive rate of females was higher than that of males,and the false positive rate of prenatal testing and blood donor testing were higher than the other sample source,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),indicating the need to pay attention to special populations during clinical testing.The total false positive rate of 4697 samples collected from January 2015 to December 2022 was as high as 12.14%,and showed a growing trend.There were significant differences in the false positive rate between years(P<0.05).The false positive rate was greater than 10%in 10 of the 18 counties.CDC all use third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagents,while medical institutions mainly use chemiluminescence reagents.Conclusion When HIV antibody screening is positive,it is still very necessary to conduct confirmatory test to further confirm HIV infection and provide reference for clinical diagnosis.

关 键 词：人类免疫缺陷病毒 假阳性 筛查方法 确诊实验 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]