少子老龄化背景下日本女性社会参与:政策推展、成效评估及动因分析  

Social Participation of Japanese Women in the Context of An AgingPopulation with Fewer Children: Policy Promotion,Effectiveness Evaluation, and Motivation Analysis

作　　者：马丽华 MA Lihua(Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2024年第2期44-54,共11页Japanese Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2022年度教育学一般课题“‘职继融通’服务老龄社会的路径与机制研究”(BJA220248)。

摘　　要：20世纪90年代以来,在少子老龄化背景下,日本通过颁布《男女共同参与社会基本法》等相关政策和法律,逐步打破了长期以来“良妻贤母主义”的垄断地位,加大了日本女性社会参与政策改革的力度,推动了建设“男女共同参与社会”的进程。其中,政策领域女性人权的彰显、经济领域政策目标的调适、文化领域男女共同参与的推进以及社会教育领域女性机构的建立,是推动日本女性社会参与政策不断调整和完善的主要动因。日本女性社会参与政策的实施成效和动因中折射出的“男女共同参与”观念、教育中嵌入的“性别认同”、政策中体现的“性别主流化”以及女性理论研究等,对推进日本女性社会参与起到了重要作用。这些经验对于中国女性社会参与政策的未来发展取向具有一定的参考价值。Since the 1990s,in the context of an aging population with fewer children,Japan has broken the monopoly of“good wives and virtuous motherhood”for a long time by promulgating Basic Law on the Joint Participation of Women and Men in Society and other relevant policies and laws for women.It has increased the efforts of Japanese women s social participation policy reform,and effectively promoted the realization of the goal of“men and women jointly participate in society”.Among them,the manifestation of women s human rights in the policy field,the adjustment of policy goals in the economic field,the promotion of joint participation of men and women in the cultural field,and the establishment of women s institutions in the social education field are the main driving forces for the continuous adjustment and improvement of Japanese women s social participation policies.The implementation effectiveness and motivation of Japanese women s social participation policies reflect the concept of“joint participation of men and women”,the embedded“gender identity”in education,the“gender mainstream”reflected in policies,and women s theoretical research,which have played an important role in promoting women s social participation in Japan.These experiences have certain reference value for the future development orientation of Chinese women s social participation policies.

关 键 词：日本 少子老龄化 女性政策 社会参与 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理] D58[社会学]