双着丝粒染色体半自动化分析估算辐射生物剂量专家共识  

Expert consensus on radiation biodosimetry by semi-automatic analysis of dicentric chromosome

作　　者：中国核学会核应急医学分会 中华医学会放射医学与防护学分会 中华预防医学会放射卫生专业委员会 中国辐射防护学会核与辐射应急分会 吕玉民 刘青杰[3] 刘玉龙[4] Nuclear Emergency Medicine Branch of Chinese Nuclear Society;Chinese Society of Radiological Medicine and Protection of Chinese Medical Association;Radiological Health Professional Committee of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association;Nuclear and Radiation Emergency Response Branch of China Society of Radiation Protection

机构地区：[1]不详 [2]河南省第三人民医院(河南省职业病医院)河南省辐射生物与流行病学医学重点实验室 [3]国家卫生健康委核事故医学应急中心、中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所 [4]核工业总医院(苏州大学附属第二医院)

出　　处：《辐射防护》2024年第3期199-209,共11页Radiation Protection

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(LHGJ20230553);中国医学科学院放射医学研究所辐射生物剂量与生物标志物联合实验室项目(JSQTHTKT20200901664);2022年度国家自然科学基金联合基金(核技术创新联合基金)项目(U2267220);2021年度国家社会科学基金(21BGL300);中核医疗2021年度“核医科技创新”重点项目(ZHYLZD2021001);2021年度中国宝原科研基金支持项目(270001);放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室内部协作课题(GZN1202201);2021年度苏州市临床重点病种诊疗技术专项项目(LCZX202105);苏州大学附属第二医院学科建设托举工程(核技术医学应用创新团队)项目(XKTJ-HTD2021001)。

摘　　要：双着丝粒染色体(dicentric chromosome,dic)半自动化分析估算生物剂量已在国际上推广应用10余年,技术成熟度高,且国际原子能机构(IAEA)出版的技术报告和国际标准化组织发布的技术标准已推荐该方法估算剂量。但国内尚未有相关技术规范和标准。专家组结合国内30余年基于dic人工和半自动化分析估算生物剂量的实践经验,从dic半自动化分析原理、主要技术内容、影响因素分析和实用举例等方面给出dic半自动化分析估算生物剂量的技术共识,其主要技术内容与现有GB/T 28236国家标准相比,具有明显提升生物剂量估算效率,降低对专业人员技术熟练程度要求,更有利于推广应用等优势。而且dic半自动化分析与人工分析一样,可用于急性均匀、局部、迁延性照射和延迟采样等不同辐射暴露场景下的受照剂量估算与重建。dic半自动化分析估算生物剂量的推广应用,可解决目前国内生物剂量估算很难满足发生大规模核与辐射事故受照人员众多时的医学应急响应临床分类诊断需要的“瓶颈”,为进一步制定相关国家及行业标准提供技术支撑。Over the past ten years,semi-automatic analysis of dicentric chromosome(dic)has been widely used for estimating radiation biological dose internationally due to its technical maturity.However,there are still no relevant technical specifications and standards in China,although both technical reports published by the IAEA and technical standards published by the International Organization for Standardization have recommended this method for dose estimation.The present technical consensus of biological dose estimation was established from the aspects of the dic semi-automatic analysis principle,main technical content,factor analysis,and application examples,based on more than 30 years of practical experience for dic manual and semi-automatic analysis at home and abroad.Compared with the existing national standard GB/T 28236,it could significantly improve the efficiency of biological dose estimation,and could also reduce the requirements for technical proficiency of professionals,thus could be better promoted and applied.Similar to manual analysis,dic semi-automatic analysis could be used to estimate and reconstruct the exposed dose under different radiation exposure scenarios including acute uniform,local,extensional irradiation,and delayed sampling.Considering the inefficiency of current domestic dose estimation which cannot meet the needs of clinical classification and diagnosis for large-scale nuclear and radiation accidents that have a large number of exposed people,the promotion and application of dic semi-automatic analysis might solve these bottleneck problems and provide technical support for further development of relevant national standard.

关 键 词：电离辐射 双着丝粒染色体 半自动化分析 生物剂量估算 专家共识 

分 类 号：R144.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] TL73[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]