基于微生物还原的铀尾渣修复技术实验研究  

Experimental study on the microbial remediation technology of uranium tailings based on biological reduction

作　　者：孙娟 安毅夫 连国玺 高扬 SUN Juan;AN Yifu;LIAN Guoxi;GAO Yang(The Fourth Research and Design Engineering Corporation of CNNC,Shijiazhuang 050021;School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]中核第四研究设计工程有限公司,石家庄050021 [2]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875

出　　处：《辐射防护》2024年第3期282-289,共8页Radiation Protection

基　　金：国防科工局核设施退役及放射性废物治理科研项目(科工二司[2018]1521号);河北省重点研发计划项目(编号21373806D)。

摘　　要：通过实验,探索了初始pH值、温度、菌液添加量和固液比对铀尾渣微生物修复效果的影响,对比了修复前后尾渣中铀赋存形态和微生物群落结构变化。结果表明:从铀尾渣中筛选的硫酸盐还原菌能够有效降低铀尾渣浸出水中的铀浓度;修复效果与初始pH值、温度、菌液添加量正相关,与固液比无显著相关关系;即使在pH=3或温度为15℃的不利条件时,铀尾渣浸出水铀浓度可分别降至0.04 mg/L和0.019 mg/L,修复效率分别为96.9%和93.6%,仍有较好的修复效果;修复后铀尾渣中残渣态铀含量提高了14.6%~18.7%,功能微生物丰度上升2.9%~12.2%,难溶解铀的质量占比和还原性微生物数量显著增加,修复具有稳定性。研究结果证明了铀尾渣污染微生物修复技术的可行性。In this study,the factors of initial pH value,temperature,the added amount of bacterial liquid and the solid-liquid ratio on the remediation effect were explored by an experiment on the microbial remediation of uranium tailings,the uranium occurrence morphology and microbial community structure changes in the tailings before and after remediation were compared.The result shows that the SRB(sulfate-reducing bacteria)screened from the uranium tailings can reduce uranium concentration at seepage effectively;The effect of uranium tailings remediation was positively correlated with initial pH value,temperature,and added amount of liquid,but not significantly correlated with solid-liquid ratio;Under the adverse conditions of pH=3 or temperature at 15℃,the uranium concentration was reduced to 0.04 mg/L and 0.019 mg/L,the remediation efficiency could reach 96.9% and 93.6%,indicating good remediation efficiency.The residual uranium content increased by 14.6%-18.7%,the abundance of functional bacteria increased by 2.9%-12.2%,the mass proportion of insoluble uranium and the number and activity of reduction microorganisms increased significantly.The result shows that the remediation was stable.The result further verified that the microbial remediation technology of uranium tailings contamination is feasible.

关 键 词：铀尾渣 微生物修复 生物还原 硫酸盐还原菌 影响因素 

分 类 号：TL943[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]