三种中空纤维膜材料耐辐照性能研究  

Study on the irradiation resistance of hollow fiber membrane materials for membrane distillation

作　　者：杨文文 高鸽 王晨潇 程卫亚[1] YANG Wenwen;GAO Ge;WANG Chenxiao;CHENG Weiya(China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413;Sichuan Environmental Protection Engineering Co.Ltd.,Sichuan Guangyuan 628017)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院,北京102413 [2]中核四川环保工程有限公司,四川广元628017

出　　处：《辐射防护》2024年第3期290-297,共8页Radiation Protection

基　　金：中核集团领创科研项目(LC202309001111)。

摘　　要：本文研究了γ射线对聚丙烯(PP)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)三种中空纤维膜材料性能的影响。选用5.1 kGy/h的剂量率,分别采用0.5、1、5、10、30、50、60 kGy的剂量利用^(60)Co源对三种膜材料进行辐照处理,测试并对比辐照前后样品的相关性能表征参数。结果表明,辐照后,三种膜材料的厚度、最大孔径、透水压力、气通量基本上没有变化,力学性能和疏水性变化较为明显;随着吸收剂量增加,PP和PTFE膜的断裂强度、伸长率和破裂压力呈现下降趋势,PVDF的断裂强度、伸长率和破裂压力呈现先增大后减小的趋势;三种膜材料的吸收剂量为50、60 kGy时,部分膜丝的水接触角会大幅下降,甚至出现亲水化现象。说明0~60 kGy的γ吸收剂量不足以使膜内部的膜孔结构发生变化,但是对膜表面性能造成了一定的影响。通过比较确定辐照前最适合用于膜蒸馏的材料为PVDF;同时在三种材料中最耐辐照的材料为PVDF,其次为PP,对辐照最敏感的是PTFE。Theeffect of γ ray on the properties of polypropylene(PP),polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)and polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF)hollow fiber membrane materials was studied.The dose rate of 5.1 kGy/h and the doses of 0.5,1,5,10,30,50,and 60 kGy were used to irradiate three kinds of membrane materials respectively.The relevant performance characterization parameters of the samples before and after irradiation were tested and compared.The results showed that after irradiation treatment,the thickness,maximum pore size,water permeability pressure and gas flux of the three membrane materials basically have not been changed,while the mechanical properties and hydrophobicity have been changed significantly.With the increase of irradiation dose,the fracture strength,elongation and fracture pressure of PP and PTFE membranes showed a downward trend,while the fracture strength,elongation and fracture pressure of PVDF showed an increasing trend first and then decreasing;When the irradiation dose of the three kinds of membrane materials is 50 and 60 kGy,the water contact angle of some membrane wires will drop significantly,and even hydrophilicity will occur.This shows that 0-60 kGy γ irradiation dose was not enough to change the pore structure of the membrane,but could destroy the surface properties of the membrane and form hydrophilic groups and unsaturated bonds.Through comparison,it is determined that the most suitable material for membrane distillation before irradiation is polyvinylidene fluoride;At the same time,among the three materials,the most radiation resistant material is polyvinylidene fluoride,followed by polypropylene,the most sensitive to radiation is polytetrafluoroethylene.

关 键 词：膜蒸馏 中空纤维膜 耐辐照性能 聚丙烯 聚四氟乙烯 聚偏氟乙烯 

分 类 号：TQ341[化学工程—化纤工业] O644[理学—物理化学]