2022年珠三角4个城市PM_(2.5)污染中金属元素吸入途径的健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of inhalation exposure to metallic elements in PM_(2.5) in four cities of the Pearl River Delta in 2022

作　　者：牛计伟 黄素丽[2] 李晓恒[2] 张振[2] 季佳佳[2] 刘宁[2] NIU Jiwei;HUANG Suli;LI Xiaoheng;ZHANG Zhen;JI Jiajia;LIU Ning(China Field Epidemiology Training Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518055,China;Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou,Guangdong 511430,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心现场流行病学培训项目,北京100050 [2]深圳市疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518055 [3]广东省疾病预防控制中心,广东广州511430

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2024年第4期393-398,共6页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(C2021081);中国现场流行病学培训项目。

摘　　要：【目的】了解新型冠状病毒感染疫情下广东省珠三角城市空气中细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))污染特征及PM_(2.5)中金属元素吸入途径的健康风险。【方法】2022年在广州、深圳、佛山及珠海市等4个市10个区设置10个PM_(2.5)监测点,每月连续7 d采集空气样品进行PM_(2.5)质量浓度及PM_(2.5)中12种金属元素成分分析。通过经典“四步法”对空气中PM_(2.5)金属元素与健康影响的致癌风险(CR)、慢性非致癌风险的评估。在CR评估中结合金属元素年龄敏感特征,引入年龄敏感因子,分析空气污染对人群健康影响。【结果】共采集样品818份,珠三角4个城市PM_(2.5)年均浓度(最小值~最大值,标准差)为30.17(1.00~166.00,21.06)μg·m^(-3),低于GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级浓度限值。4个城市PM_(2.5)浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05):临海的珠海、深圳市浓度低于广州和佛山市。4个城市月均浓度,最低是7月13.70(4.00~34.00,5.93)μg·m^(-3),最高是1月57.73(14.00~146.00,27.96)μg·m^(-3)。日平均浓度超过二级浓度限值的共29 d,主要分布在1、11月。PM_(2.5)中元素的年均质量浓度铝(Al)>锰(Mn)>铅(Pb)>砷(As)>镍(Ni)>铬(Cr)>硒(Se)>锑(Sb)>镉(Cd)>铊(Tl)>铍(Be)>汞(Hg)。AS、Mn具有人群慢性非致癌风险,Cr、As、Cd、Be、Ni存在人群CR。【结论】珠三角4个城市PM_(2.5)污染水平低且有差异性,临海城市低于非临海城市,全年呈先降后升的特征。4个城市PM_(2.5)中金属元素除Be、Ni外质量浓度排序基本相同。PM_(2.5)中As、Mn显示有一定程度的慢性非致癌风险,As、Cr、Cd、Ni、Be存在一定程度的CR。4个城市均须采取有效干预措施,继续加强空气中Cr、As、Cd、Mn的污染管控和健康防护,控制空气污染导致的健康负担。[Objective]To understand the characteristics of PM_(2.5) pollution in the air of Pearl River Delta city in Guangdong Province under the COVID-19 epidemic and the health risks of inhaling elements in PM_(2.5).[Methods]In 2022,10 PM_(2.5) monitoring points were set up in 10 districts in Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Foshan and Zhuhai,and air samples were collected for 7 consecutive days every month to analyze the concentration of PM_(2.5) and the 12 elements in PM_(2.5).The classic"four-step"method was used to evaluate the carcinogenic risk and chronic noncarcinogenic risk of the elements in air PM_(2.5) on health.The age-sensitive characteristics of metal elements were combined in the carcinogenic risk assessment,and age-sensitive factors were introduced to analyze the impact of air pollution on population health.[Results]A total of 818 samples were collected.and the average annual PM_(2.5) concentration in the four cities of the Pearl River Delta was 30.17(1.00−166.00,s=21.06)μg·m^(-3),which was lower than the concentration limit of the secondary standard of the Ambient Air Quality Standard(GB 3095−2012).The difference of PM_(2.5) concentration in the four cities was statistically significant.The PM_(2.5) concentrations in Zhuhai and Shenzhen,which were located near the sea,were lower than those in Guangzhou and Foshan.The monthly mean concentration of PM_(2.5) in the four cities was the lowest at 13.70(4.00−34.00,s=5.93)μg·m^(-3) in July and the highest at 57.73(14.00−146.00,s=27.96)μg·m^(-3) in January,showing a low concentration from May to October and a high concentration from November to April of the following year.The average daily PM_(2.5) concentration exceeded the secondary standard for 29 days,mainly distributed in January and November.The average annual mass concentration of elements in PM_(2.5) in the four cities was Al>Mn>Pb>As>Ni>Cr>Se>Sb>Cd>Tl>Be>Hg.AS and Mn have chronic non-carcinogenic risk in population,while Cr,AS,Cd,Be and Ni have carcinogenic risk in population.[Conclusion]The PM_(2.5) po

关 键 词：金属元素 PM_(2.5) 空气污染 健康风险 吸入 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]