水稻种质资源农艺性状评价和基因型鉴定  

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Genotype Identification of Rice Germplasm Resources

作　　者：陶菊红 李亚娟[4] 季向东 柯瑷 张涛 TAO Juhong;LI Yajuan;JI Xiangdong;KE Ai;ZHANG Tao(Changshu Institute of Technology-Duanmu Yinxi Rice Breeding Research and Promotion Center,Changshu 215500;Changshu Agricultural Science Research Institute,Changshu 215500;Changshu Institute of Technology,Changshu 215500;Changshu Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Changshu 215500,China)

机构地区：[1]常熟理工学院-端木银熙水稻育种研究推广中心,江苏常熟215500 [2]常熟市农业科学研究所,江苏常熟215500 [3]常熟理工学院生物与食品工程学院,江苏常熟215500 [4]常熟市农业技术推广中心,江苏常熟215500

出　　处：《常熟理工学院学报》2024年第2期57-62,共6页Journal of Changshu Institute of Technology

基　　金：苏州市农业科技创新重点项目“粳稻优质高产抗逆基因精准鉴定与新品种(组合)创制选育”(SNG2022001);苏州市农业科技创新关键技术应用研究项目“水稻优异种质资源创制和新品种(组合)选育”(SNG2021008);常熟市科技发展计划项目“地方名特优水稻品种提纯应用及改良”(CN202102)。

摘　　要：为了提高苏州地区水稻育种的效率和水平,对18份常熟市农业科学研究所引进和改良的种质资源进行了重要农艺性状和遗传基础鉴定分析.结果显示18份水稻种质资源基本为偏短粒型,且粒型、粒重、出糙率和精米率相近.除镇稻6914和常粳22-4外,其余种质材料的结实率基本在90%以上.其中8份种质材料含有香型基因Badh2,结合直链淀粉含量分析结果,武香粳5245、南粳46和常香粳1813属于香软米,荃香糯3号和银香38是香糯米,常粳20-13和宁香粳11号为香粳米.对这些水稻种质材料的稻瘟病抗性基因分析结果显示,除嘉58和南粳46未检测到抗性基因外,其余种质材料基本含有2个以上抗性基因,其中常香粳1813含有Pid2和Pid3,常粳22-4含有Pita、Pid2、Pid3、Pita2和Pik1-Pik2抗性基因,稻瘟病菌接种试验显示抗病水平较好.本研究为种质资源的综合分析评价提供了新思路,也为适合江南地区优良水稻种质的选育和引进提供数据支撑.In order to improve the efficiency and level of rice breeding in Suzhou,18 germplasm resources introduced and improved by Changshu Agricultural Science Research Institute were identified and analyzed for important agronomic traits and genetic basis.The results show that these 18 rice germplasm resources are basically the short grain type,and that the grain type,grain weight,brown rice rate,and milled rice rate are relatively close with little deviation.Except for Zhendao 6914 and Changjing 22-4,the seed-setting rate of other germplasm materials is basically over 90%.Eight of them contain Badh2 gene which is responsible for rice flavor.Seen from the amylose content analysis,Wuxiangjing 5245,Nanjing 46 and Changxiangjing 1813 are fragrant soft rice varieties,Quanxiangnuo 3 and Yinxiang 38 are fragrant glutinous rice varieties,while Changjing 20-13 and Ningxiangjing 11 are fragrant japonica rice varieties.Based on the 12 reported rice blast resistance gene analysis,16 of the germplasms basically contain more than two resistance genes,while none is detected in Jia 58 or Nan Jing 46.Moreover,Changxiangjing 1813 contains Pid2 and Pid3,while Changjing 22-4 contains Pita,Pid2,Pid3,Pita2,and Pik1-Pik2,revealing relatively better rice blast resistance after inoculation with rice blast fungus.These findings provide data support for an efficient and innovative utilization of germplasm resources,and are of great significance for improving breeding efficiency and accelerating the development of local seed industries.

关 键 词：水稻 种质资源 农艺性状 基因型 

分 类 号：S32[农业科学—作物遗传育种] Q34[农业科学—农艺学]