中国劳动力流动健康效应及作用机制研究  

A Study on the Health Effect of Labor Migrant and Its Mechanism in China

作　　者：卜涛 唐代盛[2] BU Tao;TANG Daisheng(School of Economics and Finance,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing,400054,China;School of Economics and Management,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,100044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学经济金融学院,重庆400054 [2]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044

出　　处：《人口学刊》2024年第3期85-100,共16页Population Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目:交通网络优化对劳动力资源时空配置影响机理及实现路径研究(22BJY082)。

摘　　要：2020年“七普”数据显示中国流动人口3.76亿人,“流动中国”格局已然形成。健康影响着劳动力流动决策,流动对劳动力健康也产生广泛影响。一方面,流动者面临更大的健康风险,在流入地生活和工作环境较差、社会融入感不强,其健康问题值得关注;另一方面,流动者从低效率产业向高效率产业、从低收入就业岗位向高收入就业岗位转移,增进了个人资源积累,可以对健康资本进行更多投资。中国劳动力发生流动行为后的健康水平是否得到改善?引起流动者健康改善的发生机制是什么?劳动力短期和长期流动是否存在传统的“流行病学悖论”?为回答这些问题,本研究基于Grossman健康需求模型构建包括收入、流动决策和健康的理论分析框架,解析劳动力流动行为与健康效应的关系。理论分析表明如果流动者的健康投入效应大于其他产品投入带来的潜在负向效应,则劳动力流动行为对健康效应具有正向影响。基于此,本研究进一步采用CFPS2014-2018年面板数据和有序Probit模型实证检验我国劳动力流动的健康效应和作用机制。实证研究发现劳动力流动有着显著的健康促进效应,在剔除劳动力自我选择效应后结果依然稳健;分异估计表明具有农业户籍、流入高收入地区和优质医疗资源集聚区,劳动力流动的健康促进效应更为明显;机制分析发现影响流动劳动力健康效应的主要机制是收入水平、社会资本以及在流入地获得的医疗资源;动态分析表明劳动力流动虽然存在短期“流行病学悖论”现象,但劳动力流动长期健康效应依然显著为正。这表明持续推动劳动力有序流动或许是一种改进国民健康水平的有效方式。因此,应增加那些处于社会中下层地位的劳动力社会流动的机会,进而改善他们的健康状况。同时,促进流动劳动力与本地居民的深度融合,提升流动劳动力医疗�In 2020,the data from“7th national population census”shows that floating population was 376 million,which formed patterns of China floating population.However,health does not only influence labor’mobility decisions,mobility also has a broad impact on labor’health.On the one hand,migrants face greater health risks,poor living and working environment and poor sense of social integration in migrant areas,so their health problems deserve attention.On the other hand,the migration of labor from low efficiency industries to high-efficiency industries and from low-income areas to high-income areas increases the accumulation of personal resources and enables more investment in health capital.Whether the health level of Chinese labor is improved after migration behavior,what is the mechanism that causes the health improvement of migrants,and whether there is a traditional“epidemiological paradox”between short-term and long-term labor mobility.To answer this question,based on Grossman’s(1972)health demand model,this study innovatively constructed a theoretical analysis framework including income,mobility decision making and health,and theoretically analyzed the relationship between labor mobility behavior and health effects.Theoretical analysis shows that if the health input effect of migrants is greater than the potential negative effect of other product inputs,the mobility of labor has a positive impact on health effects.This study further employs Grossman’s(1972)health demand model to investigate the causality between labor mobility behavior and health outcomes.Using Ordered probit model based on the Three-phase panel data of CFPS2014-2018,this paper studied the health effects of laborer mobility and tested the mechanisms for improving the health level of floating laborer.The results show that laborer mobility has a significant health promotion effect,which are still robust after eliminating the laborer’s self-selection effect.Heterogeneity analysis suggest that the health promotion effect is more obvio

关 键 词：流动劳动力 健康效应 健康改善 流行病学悖论 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学]