“客观性问题”与当代美国史学的挑战——以《那高贵的梦想》为中心的考察  

The“Objectivity Question”and Challenges of Contemporary American Historiography:A Case Study on That Noble Dream

作　　者：王娟 WANG Juan(Dep.of History,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史系,上海200433

出　　处：《杭州电子科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期50-59,78,共11页Journal of Hangzhou Dianzi University：Social Sciences

摘　　要：《那高贵的梦想》参与了学界关于“客观性”的讨论,它的视角不是历史认识是否具有客观性或历史认识的客观性究竟是什么,而是客观性概念在美国史学界的际遇。就客观性概念的演变,客观性与史学专业化的关系,客观性的危机,学者们发表了各自的看法,并从四个角度质疑了诺维克对客观性概念的理解。从他们的讨论中,可以看出在多元文化主义和后现代主义思潮的影响下,客观性的标准和权威发生了动摇,美国史学也出现了“身份转向”“语言转向”和“文化转向”。这些转向既源于史学研究本身的演进,也有20世纪60年代以来美国的身份政治运动的影响。That Noble Dream involves in the discussion about the“objectivity”in the academic field and its perspective is not whether the historical cognition has its objectivity or whether the objectivity is on earth from the perspective of the historical cognition but the opportunity of the concept of the objectivity in the American historical field.The scholars announced their own opinions respectively from the evolution of the concept of the objectivity,the relationship between the objectivity and the historical specialization,and the crisis of the objectivity,and then they queried Peter Novick s understanding of the concept of the objectivity from four perspectives.From their discussion,it can be observed that the criterion and the authority of the“objectivity”is changed and the“identity turn”,the“language turn”and the“cultural turn”appear in the American historiography under the influence of the multiculturalism and the post modernism thoughts,which roots not only in the historical research itself but also in the influence of the American identity politics from 1960s.

关 键 词：美国史学 客观性 彼得·诺维克 《那高贵的梦想》 

分 类 号：K097[历史地理—历史学]