铁路票价浮动策略与客流适配度评估方法  

Railway Fare Floating Strategy and Passenger Flow Adaptability Evaluation Method

作　　者：甄蒙 张糯 ZHEN Meng;ZHANG Nuo(Passenger Ticket Management Office,China Railway Beijing Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100860,China;Beijingnan Railway Station,China Railway Beijing Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100077,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路北京局集团有限公司客票管理所,北京100860 [2]中国铁路北京局集团有限公司北京南站,北京100077

出　　处：《中国铁路》2024年第4期115-118,129,共5页China Railway

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(2022F004)。

摘　　要：随着我国铁路客运市场化改革的推进,铁路客运价格正处于由政府主导转向市场化定价的阶段,即价格管理由政府定价向市场调节价转变。在定价实际操作过程中,开展铁路客运产品票价方案与客流适配度评估,有利于提高铁路客运票价管理的科学性、计划性,也是完善铁路客运定价流程的关键步骤。通过总结环比法、同比法2种传统策略调整评估方法及其存在的局限性,提出使用当期对比的研究方法,考虑传统方法受外部干扰因素较大,提出平均票价率对比法对铁路票价策略实施效果进行评估。该方法既可以评价历史票价方案合理性,也可以对未来票价方案的制定提供优化建议,为深化铁路运价市场化改革提供理论依据,有利于提高铁路企业经营管理水平。With the promotion of market-oriented reform in China’s railway passenger transport,the price of railway passenger transport is also in the stage of shifting from government-led to market-oriented,that is,price management is shifting from government pricing to market-adjusted price.In the actual pricing process,carrying out evaluation on the railway passenger transport product fare scheme and passenger flow adaptability is conducive to improving the scientificity and planning of railway passenger transport fare management,which is also a key step to improve the railway passenger transport pricing process.By summarizing the two traditional strategy adjustment evaluation methods of MoM and YoY and their limitations,this paper proposes a study method of current period comparison.Considering that the traditional methods are greatly affected by external interference factors,it proposes the average fare rate comparison method to evaluate the implementation effect of railway fare strategy.This method can not only evaluate the rationality of historical fare schemes,but also provide optimization suggestions for the formulation of future fare schemes.It provides theoretical basis for deepening the market-oriented reform of railway rates and is conducive to improving the operation and management level of railway enterprises.

关 键 词：铁路浮动票价 票价方案后评估 票价率对比 客座率 

分 类 号：F532.5[经济管理—产业经济]