基于半固定分簇的无线传感器网络节能分簇路由算法  

Energy-saving clustering routing algorithm based on semi-fixed cluster for wireless sensor networks

作　　者：张朝辉 周嘉琦 ZHANG Zhaohui;ZHOU Jiaqi(School of Mathematics and Statistics,Xidian University,Xi'an 710071,China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学数学与统计学院,陕西西安710071

出　　处：《通信学报》2024年第4期160-170,共11页Journal on Communications

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.62202351)。

摘　　要：为了解决无线传感器网络中节点能耗不均衡和数据传输能耗大导致的网络生命周期短的问题,提出了基于半固定分簇的节能分簇路由算法。在节点部署完毕后对每个簇进行调整,保证每个簇的节点数相同,从而达到负载均衡的目的。在簇头选择阶段,主要考虑节点间距离以及节点的剩余能量;在数据传输阶段,算法根据节点的剩余能量、节点到基站的距离以及节点之间的距离构建了中继节点选择的优化模型,同时实现了均衡和降低能耗的目标;当网络运行一段时间后,由于簇间的剩余能量差异过大,再次对簇群进行优化,尽可能使得每个簇群能量接近;最后当簇头节点能量低于所设阈值时,再次对簇头进行轮换优化,以延长节点的工作时长。仿真结果表明,所提算法有效降低了节点能耗,延长了网络的生命周期。To solve the problems of short network lifetime,caused by unbalanced node energy consumption,and large energy consumption in data transmission of wireless sensor network,a semi-fixed clustering routing algorithm was proposed in order to achieve the load balance of each cluster.After the nodes were deployed,each cluster was adjusted to ensure that each cluster was well-matched in the number of nodes.In the beginning,the cluster heads were selected according to the distances between nodes and the residual energy of nodes.In data transmission phase,the optimization model of relay nodes was constructed according to the residual energy of nodes,the distances between nodes and the base station,and the distances between nodes.Then the goal of balancing and reducing energy consumption was achieved.Furthermore,when the network ran for a period of time,due to the large differences in residual energy between clusters,the clusters were optimized again to make the energy of each cluster as close as possible.Finally,when the energy of cluster heads was lower than the set threshold,the cluster heads were rotated and optimized again to extend the working life of nodes.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the energy consumption of nodes and provides longer network lifetimes of WSN.

关 键 词：无线传感器网络 分簇 路由 簇群负载均衡 能耗优化 

分 类 号：TN92[电子电信—通信与信息系统]