南疆陆地棉农艺性状与皮棉产量性状的遗传贡献及决策系数分析  

Genetic contribution and decision coefficient analysis of agronomic characters and lint yield traits of upland cotton in southern Xinjiang

作　　者：李长喜 董占鹏 关永虎 刘金伟 李航 梅拥军[1] LI Chang-Xi;DONG Zhan-Peng;GUAN Yong-Hu;LIU Jin-Wei;LI Hang;MEI Yong-Jun(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第6期1486-1502,共17页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“新疆南疆陆地棉产量和纤维品质性状QTS的全基因组挖掘”(31560408)资助。

摘　　要：研究陆地棉亲本及F1组合农艺性状与皮棉产量性状的遗传,为育种工作者对某些性状的选择和改良提供参考依据。采用加性-显性及其与环境互作的遗传模型对130个陆地棉品种(系)及其206个F1组合的4个农艺性状和4个产量性状的观察结果进行了遗传贡献分析和决策系数分析。分析结果显示,这些性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,亲本的8个性状的变异系数在5.54%~50.83%之间, F1组合则在3.96%~55.87%之间。农艺性状(除第一果枝节位对衣分外)对产量性状的加性贡献率均达到极显著水平(贡献率在4%~100%),五瓣铃率和株高对单株铃数和铃重的加性贡献率和显性×环境互作贡献率均达0.01以上的正向极显著水平。遗传效应中受加性效应控制有第一果枝高度、株高、五瓣铃率、铃重和衣分,其中衣分为最大。株高除加性效应较小外,其显性效应、加性×环境互作效应、显性×环境互作效应和互作广义遗传率均为最大。确定了提高陆地棉杂交种后代单株皮棉产量的主要决策性状和限制性状。陆地棉变异系数幅度较大;五瓣铃率和株高对提高单株铃数和铃重起着更为重要的作用;单株铃数、铃重和衣分是提高单株皮棉产量的主要决策性状。To study the inheritance of agricultural characteristics and lint yield traits in upland cotton parents and F1 crosses can provide the reference for breeding workers to select and improve certain traits.Four agronomic characters and four yield traits of 130 varieties(lines)and their 206 F1 crosses of upland cotton were analyzed on additive and effects by a genetic model with addi-tive,dominance,and their interaction effects with the environment,genetic contribution analysis and decision coefficient analysis were conducted on the observation results.The results showed that these traits had rich genetic diversity with the coefficient of variation of the eight traits of the parents ranging from 5.54%to 50.83%,and the F1 crosses ranging from 3.96%to 55.87%.The additive contribution rate of agronomic traits(except for the first fruit branch node position to yield)to yield traits reached a very significant level(contribution rate was 4%–100%),and the additive contribution rate and dominant contribution rate of five petal boll rate and plant height to the boll number and boll weight and the contribution rate of dominant×environmental interaction reached a positive and significant level above 0.01.The genetic effects controlled by additive effects included the height of the first fruit branch,plant height,five petal boll rate,boll weight,and lint percentage,with lint percentage being the largest.Except for the small additive effect,plant height exhibits significant differences in dominant and additive effects×environmental interac-tion effects,dominance×environmental interaction effect and the generalized heritability of interaction were the maximum.The main decision-making and limiting traits for improving the lint yield in hybrid offspring of upland cotton had been identified.The coefficient of variation of upland cotton was relatively large.The five petal boll rate and plant height played a more important role in increasing the boll number and boll weight per plant.The boll number,boll weight,and lint percentage

关 键 词：陆地棉 产量性状 农艺性状 遗传多样性 遗传贡献分析 决策系数分析 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]