侧深施控释氮肥运筹方式对水稻产量、NH_(3)挥发和温室气体排放的影响  

Effects of side deep placement of controlled release nitrogen management on rice yield,NH_(3),and greenhouse gas emissions

作　　者：郭松 郭慧婷 张裕梁 钱紫慧 王子君 路佳明 汪源 赵灿 王维领 张洪程 杨凤萍[1] 霍中洋 GUO Song;GUO Hui-Ting;ZHANG Yu-Liang;QIAN Zi-Hui;WANG Zi-Jun;LU Jia-Ming;WANG Yuan;ZHAO Can;WANG Wei-Ling;ZHANG Hong-Cheng;YANG Feng-Ping;HUO Zhong-Yang(Department of Animal Behavior,College of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China.)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学生物科学与技术学院行为生态学实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第6期1525-1539,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(22)1001];江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022424)资助。

摘　　要：为建立机插稻高产低碳减排的控释氮肥施用技术,以迟熟中粳南粳9108、泰香粳1402为材料,选用控释期100 d、43%树脂包膜缓释氮肥与46%速效尿素为氮肥,分别设置基穗氮肥比例为100(NM1)∶、82(NM2)∶、73∶(NM3)与64(NM4)∶不同运筹方式处理,基肥采用侧深施肥方法,控释氮肥与速效尿素比例均为55,∶穗氮肥为尿素,并设置常规施肥(FFT)与不施氮肥(0N)对照处理,研究不同氮肥运筹方式对水稻产量、NH_(3)挥发和温室气体排放的影响。结果表明:与FFT处理相比,侧深施控释氮肥推迟NH_(3)挥发峰值出现,避免分蘖期NH_(3)挥发峰值产生,穗期追施尿素后的NH_(3)挥发通量和平均NH_(3)挥发通量显著降低,NH_(3)累积损失总量降低25.33%~48.76%,NH_(3)排放系数降低29.14%~60.81%,单位产量NH_(3)排放强度显著降低29.60%~56.01%。与FFT处理相比,侧深施控释氮肥分蘖期和抽穗后的CH_(4)排放通量显著降低,搁田期和穗期追施尿素后的N_(2)O排放通量显著降低,CH_(4)排放累积总量降低20.20%~55.04%,CH_(4)减排率随基穗氮肥比例变小而降低,N_(2)O排放累积总量降低25.56%~61.56%,N_(2)O减排率表现为NM1>NM3>NM2>NM4,GWP和GHGI分别降低20.96%~53.35%、25.91%~55.40%。品种间NH_(3)挥发和温室气体规律一致,减排效果均表现为NM1>NM3>NM2>NM4。综合考虑经济、生态效益,NM1处理氨挥发和温室气体减排效果最佳,且比NM3和FFT处理减少施肥次数1~2次,利于水稻绿色轻简规模化生产;NM3处理增产率最高且NH_(3)挥发和温室气体减排效果仅次NM1,实现丰产减排协同进行。综上,本文探索出一套适配迟熟中粳减排增产的控释氮肥施肥方式,重点发现“轻简+减排”型施肥方式NM1和“丰产+减排”型施肥方式NM3。The objective of this study is to establish controlled-release nitrogen fertilization technology for achieving high yield and reduce carbon emissions.Two late-maturing medium japonica rice varieties,Nanjing 9108 and Taixiangjing 1402,were se-lected in this study.The controlled-release fertilizer with resin-coated urea(N 43%,the longevity was 100 d)and common urea(46%N)were used as nitrogen fertilizers.Different ratios of basal and panicle nitrogen fertilizers were set for different treatments of 10:0(NM1),8:2(NM2),7:3(NM3),and 6:4(NM4).The basal fertilizer was applied using the side-deep fertilization method,with a ratio of 5:5 for resin-coated urea and common urea.The panicle nitrogen fertilizer was common urea.Conven-tional fertilization(FFT)and no nitrogen fertilizer(0N)control treatments were also included.The effect of different nitrogen fertilizer application methods on rice yield,NH_(3)volatilization,and greenhouse gas emissions were investigated.The results showed that the side-deep application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer delayed the peak of NH_(3)volatilization,preventing it from occurring at tillering stage compared to the FFT treatment.In addition,the flux of NH_(3)volatilization and the average flux after topdressing were significantly reduced by the side-deep application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer.The NH_(3)emis-sion accumulation,NH_(3)emission factor,and NH_(3)emission intensity were reduced by 25.33%-48.76%,29.14%-60.81%,and 29.60%-56.01%,respectively.Furthermore,the CH_(4)emission fluxes were significantly reduced at tillering stage and after head-ing stage.The N_(2)O emission fluxes were also significantly reduced during the shelving and heading period.The CH_(4)and N_(2)O emission accumulation were reduced by 20.20%-55.04%and 25.56%-61.56%,respectively.The CH_(4)emission reduction rate decreased as the proportion of basal and panicle fertilizer decreased.The N_(2)O emission reduction rate followed the order of NM1>NM3>NM2>NM4.The GWP and GHGI were reduced by 20.96%-5

关 键 词：控释氮肥 运筹方式 NH_(3)挥发 CH_(4) N_(2)O 减排 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]