超深层碳酸盐岩气藏产能预测模型及影响因素研究  

Investigation of productivity prediction model and influencing factors of ultradeep carbonate gas reservoir

作　　者：王璐 罗瑞兰[2] 张林[2] 俞霁晨 邹瑞 邹润 张一帆 WANG Lu;LUO Ruilan;ZHANG Lin;YU Jichen;ZOU Rui;ZOU Run;ZHANG Yifan(College of Energy,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu City,Sichuan Province,610059,China;PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing City,100083,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学能源学院,四川成都610059 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《油气地质与采收率》2024年第3期88-98,共11页Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“深层碳酸盐岩气藏高效开发技术”(2016ZX05015-003);国家自然科学基金项目“CO_(2)-助溶剂复合体系超前注入提高页岩油藏采收率机理及碳封存潜力”(52304021);中国石油集团前瞻性基础性重大科技专项“碳酸盐岩油气藏提高采收率关键技术研究”(2021DJ1504);中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“碳酸盐岩气藏剩余气分布规律及提高采收率方法研究”。

摘　　要：超深层碳酸盐岩气藏具有储集介质多样、非均质性强和高温高压等典型特征,且普遍采用斜井开发,导致气井产能评价难度大。考虑该类气藏的多重储集介质、应力敏感性、非线性渗流、阈压效应和井斜等因素,基于Forchheimer气相微分方程、应力敏感和气相渗流物理模拟实验数据建立三项式产能预测模型,对不同区域、不同类型碳酸盐岩储层的气井产能进行预测,并分析上述因素对产能的影响规律。结果表明:孔隙型和低渗透孔洞型储层受阈压效应的影响,缝洞型和高渗透孔洞型储层受非线性渗流的影响,因此三项式产能预测模型更适合储层类型多样的超深层碳酸盐岩气藏;不同类型储层表现出不同程度的应力敏感性和非线性渗流特征,需进行各类储层岩心的物理模拟实验确定产能方程所需的各项参数;井斜会产生负表皮因子影响气井产能,当井斜角大于55°时,各类储层的气井产能开始快速提升,且对缝洞型储层的改善效果最明显;阈压效应的产能抑制作用在低压差阶段很强,而应力敏感性和非线性渗流的影响主要体现在高压差阶段;启动压力梯度和非线性渗流系数分别为0.01~0.048MPa/m和10^(9)~10^(12)m^(-1)时显著抑制气井产能,而应力敏感造成的产能损失较稳定;影响气井产能的主控因素是表皮系数和地层系数,而开发阶段的非线性渗流效应对高渗透储层以及阈压效应对低渗透储层的影响也较为显著。Ultradeep carbonate gas reservoirs have typical characteristics such as diverse storage media,strong heterogeneity,high temperature,and high pressure.They are generally developed using deviated wells,which complicates the evaluation of gas well productivity.Considering factors such as multiple storage media,stress sensitivity,nonlinear percolation,threshold pressure effect,and well deviation angle,a trinomial productivity prediction model was established based on the Forchheimer’s gas-phase differential equation,stress sensitivity and physical simulation experimental data of gas-phase flow.The gas well productivity of different types of carbonate reservoirs in different regions was predicted,and the effects of the above factors on gas productivity were analyzed.The results indicate that pore-type and low-permeability cavity-type reservoirs are affected by threshold pressure effects,while fracture-cavity type and high-permeability cavity-type reservoirs are influenced by nonlinear flow.Therefore,the trinomial productivity prediction model is more suitable for ultradeep carbonate gas reservoirs with diverse reservoir types.Different types of reservoirs exhibit different degrees of stress sensitivity and nonlinear flow characteristics.Physical simulation experiments on the cores from various reservoirs are necessary to determine the parameters required for the productivity equation.The well deviation angle creates a negative skin factor affecting gas well productivity.When the well deviation angle is greater than 55°,the gas well productivity of all types of reservoirs starts to increase rapidly,especially for fracture-cavity type reservoirs.The threshold pressure effect has a significant negative impact on productivity at low pressure differentials,whereas stress sensitivity and nonlinear flow mainly impact at high pressure differentials.Starting pressure gradient and nonlinear flow significantly inhibit gas well productivity when their coefficients are 0.01-0.048 MPa/m and 10^(9)-10^(12)m^(−1),respectively.In

关 键 词：超深层碳酸盐岩 非线性渗流 阈压效应 应力敏感 产能预测模型 产能影响因素 

分 类 号：TE344[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]