不同施肥方式对旱地玉米土壤质量及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Patterns on Soil Quality and Yield of Dryland Maize

作　　者：李维倩 田野 王天宁[1] 陈刚[1] 白阳阳 罗昀[1] 蔡进军[1] Li Weiqian;Tian Ye;Wang Tianning;Chen Gang;Bai Yangyang;Luo Yun;Cai Jinjun(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002;Ningxia Forestry Project Management Center,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750001)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏回族自治区林业项目管理中心,宁夏银川750001

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2024年第3期23-26,共4页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金(2022AAC03453);宁夏回族自治区中央引导地方科技发展专项2021FRD05023;宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目2020BCF01001;宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题(NGSB-2021-11-01);宁夏一二三产业融合发展科技创新示范项目(YES-16-0902)。

摘　　要：针对宁夏南部山区耕地地力条件薄弱、农田生产力水平低、水分利用效率低等问题,选择典型的旱地玉米农田,跟踪监测在不同施肥方式下旱地玉米的主要农艺性状、土壤含水量、土壤养分、产量等指标,探究不同施肥方式对旱地土壤质量及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,常规化肥减量1/3+有机肥50 kg·hm^(-2)的施肥方式使0~40 cm土壤的耗水量最低;施用有机肥和常规化肥减量1/2+有机肥50 kg·hm^(-2)的施肥方式使深层土壤的耗水量最高。常规化肥减量1/3+有机肥50 kg·hm^(-2)的施肥方式使土壤有机质含量显著高于其他施肥方式;常规化肥减量1/3+有机肥50 kg·hm^(-2)和常规化肥减量1/2+有机肥50 kg·hm^(-2)这2种施肥方式土壤全氮、全磷和全钾的平均含量均高于其他处理。减N+有机肥的施肥方式能有效提升土壤养分。施有机肥和常规化肥减量1/2+有机肥50 kg·hm^(-2)的施肥方式可在一定程度上提高作物的产量。Different fertilization patterns were conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization patterns on the main agronomic traits,soil water content,soil nutrientsand yield of dryland maize,due to weak soil fertility in cultivated land in mountainous areas of southern Ningxia,low farmland productivity,and low water use efficiency.The results showed that the water consumption of 0~40 cm soil was the lowest when the conventional fertilizer was reduced by 1/3 and organic fertilizer was applied at 50 kg·hm-2.The water consumption of deep soil was the highest when organic fertilizer was applied and conventional fertilizer was reduced by 1/2 and organic fertilizer was applied at 50 kg·hm-2.The soil organic matter was significantly higher in conventional fertilizer reduction by 1/3 and organic fertilizer application of 50 kg·hm-2 than that in other fertilization patterns.The average contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorusand total potassium in soil were higher in conventional fertilizer reduction by 1/3 and organic fertilizer application of 50 kg·hm-2 and conventional fertilizer reduction by 1/2 and organic fertilizer application of 50 kg·hm-2 than that in other treatments.The fertilization pattern of reducing N and applying organic fertilizer can effectively improve soil nutrients.The fertilization pattern of applying organic fertilizer and conventional fertilizer reduction by 1/2 and organic fertilizer application of 50 kg·hm-2 can improve crop yield to a certain extent.

关 键 词：旱地玉米 施肥方式 土壤质量 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]