滴灌灌水器特征参数对砂土湿润进程的影响  

Effect of drip irrigation emitters parameters on wetting process of sandy soil

作　　者：郝闯闯 刘大忠 买买提明·买吐松 周云鹏[2] 匡乃昆 陈伟杰 刘佩 晓开提江·卡斯木[2] 李云开[2] HAO Chuangchuang;LIU Dazhong;MAIMAITIMING Maitusong;ZHOU Yunpeng;KUANG Naikun;CHEN Weijie;LIU Pei;XIAOKAITIJIANG Kasimu;LI Yunkai(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China;College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Xinjiang Kashgar River Basin Administration Bureau,Kashgar,Xinjiang 844000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [3]新疆喀什噶尔河流域管理局,新疆喀什844000

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2024年第5期508-516,共9页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：喀什噶尔河流域管理局科研项目(XJKGKY001);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51790531)。

摘　　要：明确灌水器特征参数和土壤粒径组成对湿润进程的影响是进行滴灌系统设计的基础与前提.提出了使用单位湿润体的灌水强度(AQTV)量化土壤湿润进程,探究了灌水器流量(1,3,6 L/h)、灌水量(5,10,20 L)和覆膜对不同粒径组成砂质土壤(北京大兴DX、内蒙古乌盟WM、新疆伽师JS、内蒙赤峰CF)AQTV的影响.结果表明:不同粒径组成砂壤土的AQTV均随灌水器流量增大呈上升的变化规律,并且与粒径组成中(0.100,0.250]mm的土壤颗粒占比呈显著性负相关关系(P<0.05);随着灌水量增加,4种砂壤土中AQTV均呈逐渐下降趋势.当灌水量为5 L以及10和20 L时,AQTV分别与≤0.002 mm的黏粒以及(0.500,1.000]mm的砂粒组分占比呈显著正相关关系.覆膜滴灌提升了处理DX,WM和CF的AQTV,这可能是由于3种砂壤土大粒径砂粒或黏粒相对较高的原因.此外,随着灌水器间距增加,土壤水分交汇区域与含水量减小,土壤水分在水平和竖直湿润距离减小.Clarifying the impact of emitter characteristic parameters and soil particle size composition on the wetting process is basis for designing drip irrigation systems.The effects of emitter flow(1,3,and 6 L/h),irrigation volume(5,10,and 20 L),and film covering on the AQTV of sandy soil with different particle size composition were investigated in this study.It proposed to use the average quantity of irrigation in the per-unit time and unit-wet volume(AQTV)to quantify the soil wetting process(Beijing Daxing DX,Inner Mongolia Wumeng WM,Xinjiang Jiashi JS,Inner Mongolia Chifeng CF).The results indicate that the AQTV of sandy loam soil with different particle size compositions increases with the increase of irrigation flow rate,and it shows a significant negative correlation with the proportion of soil particles in the particle size range of(0.100,0.250]mm(P<0.05).The AQTV in the four different types of sandy loam soil also shows a trend toward a gradual decline trend with an increase in irrigation amount.The content of clay particles≤0.002 mm and(0.500,1.000]mm sand components and AQTV have a strong positive link when the irrigation volume is 5 L and 10 L,20 L,respectively.The improvement in AQTV of the DX,WM and CF treatments with film mulching drip irrigation may be attributable to the relatively large sand or clay particles in the three types of sandy loams.In addition,when the distance between emitters increases,the intersection area,water content,and horizontal and vertical soaking distance of soil water are reduced.

关 键 词：湿润锋 砂壤土 水分运移 单位湿润体的灌水强度 交汇入渗 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]