变压器油中微生物的生长规律及污染控制措施研究  

Study on growth law and pollution control measures of microorganisms in transformer oil

作　　者：杜国光 孙冬 张博 曲丹 李妍 曹德昆 赵晓冰 DU Guoguang;SUN Dong;ZHANG Bo;QU Dan;LI Yan;CAO Dekun;ZHAO Xiaobing(Tonghua Power Supply Company,State Grid Jilin Electric Power Limited Company,Tonghua 134000,China;School of Chemical Engineering,Northeast Electric Power University,Jilin 132012,China)

机构地区：[1]国网吉林省电力有限公司通化供电公司,吉林通化134000 [2]东北电力大学化学工程学院,吉林132012

出　　处：《绝缘材料》2024年第5期103-109,共7页Insulating Materials

基　　金：国网吉林省电力有限公司科技项目(2022-10)。

摘　　要：变压器油在贮存、使用和运输过程中易发生微生物污染,影响其品质和绝缘性能。本研究主要考察温度和湿度对变压器油中微生物生长的影响,分析变压器油处理前后的品质变化,识别变压器油的官能团结构和有机物种类,提出有效处理变压器油微生物污染的方法。结果表明:变压器运行油和故障油中均含有枯草芽孢杆菌、利用糖产酸的杆菌、利用糖产酸产气的杆菌和不利用糖产酸产气的球菌,故障油中的微生物数量远大于运行油,其中枯草芽孢杆菌数量最多;新变压器油中未培养出微生物。高温能够抑制变压器油中微生物的生长,当温度为60℃时,微生物不会完全灭活,一旦温度恢复至37℃,又重新开始生长繁殖。在37℃下,当油水质量比为99∶1、49∶1、19∶1和9∶1时,4种细菌均存在,且随着油水质量比升高,菌株数量增大。采用高压灭菌+分子筛粗滤+超滤的再生处理方法可使污染的变压器油变得清澈透明,且检测不到微生物的存在,再生油中主要含有O-H、C-H、C=O键和不饱和键。经过再生处理后,变压器油的击穿电压和体积电阻率分别由29.67 kV和5.70×10^(10)Ω·m升高至49.50 kV和4.68×10^(11)Ω·m,介质损耗因数由6.052%下降至0.215%,满足DL/T 1419—2015的指标要求。Transformer oil is prone to microbial contamination during storage,utilization,and transportation,which affects the quality and insulating performance of transformer oil.In this study,the effects of temperature and humidity on the microorganism growth in transformer oil were mainly investigated,and the quality changes of transformer oil before and after treatment were analyzed.The functional group structure and organic species of transformer oil were identified,and some effective treatment methods for microbial pollution in transformer oil were proposed.The results show that both the transformer running oil and faulty oil contain bacillus subtilis,bacillus using sugar to produce acid,bacillus using sugar to produce acid and gas,and bacillus producing acid and gas without sugar.The number of microorganisms in faulty oil is much greater than that in running oil,and the number of bacillus subtilis is the largest,while there is no microorganism cultured in new transformer oil.The high temperature could restrict the growth of microorganism in transformer oil.When the temperature is 60℃,the microorganisms will not be completely inactivated,and once the temperature returns to 37℃,they will start to grow and reproduce again.When the mass ratio of oil and water is 99∶1,49∶1,19∶1,and 9∶1,four types of bacillus all exist at 37℃,and the number of bacillus increases with the increase of oil-water mass ratio.The regeneration treatment method of high-pressure sterilization+molecular sieve coarse filtration+ultrafiltration can make the contaminated transformer oil clear and transparent,and the microorganisms disappear.The regenerated oil mainly contains O-H,C-H,C=O,and unsaturated bonds.After regeneration treatment,the breakdown voltage and volume resistivity of transformer oil increase from 25.83 kV and 5.70×10^(10)Ω·m to 49.50 kV and 4.68×10^(11)Ω·m,respectively,and the dielectric loss factor decreases from 6.052%to 0.215%,which meet the requirement of DL/T 1419—2015.

关 键 词：变压器油 微生物 温度 再生处理 枯草芽孢杆菌 

分 类 号：TM214[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]