沙尘暴天气下云的飞机观测研究  

Cloud Observation by Aircraft During Dust Storms

作　　者：马新成 毕凯[1,2,3] 王飞 高洋 黄梦宇 Ma Xincheng;Bi Kai;Wang Fei;Gao Yang;Huang Mengyu(Beijing Weather Modification Center,Beijing 100089;Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources,Beijing 100089;Field Experiment Base of Cloud and Precipitation Research in North China,CMA,Beijing 101200;National Satellite Meteorological Center/National Center for Space Weather,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京市人工影响天气中心,北京100089 [2]云降水物理研究和云水资源开发北京市重点实验室,北京100089 [3]中国气象局华北云降水野外科学试验基地,北京101200 [4]国家卫星气象中心/国家空间天气监测预警中心,北京100081

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2024年第3期323-336,共14页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42105091,41930968);国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1510301)。

摘　　要：沙尘暴天气下云的飞机观测极其缺乏,为了研究亚洲中蒙地区沙尘气溶胶对云的影响,利用北京地区云的综合外场观测试验数据,分析2009年4月24日由蒙古气旋和冷锋造成的强沙尘暴天气下云的观测个例,对比分析沙尘云和清洁云垂直观测。结果表明:从亚洲中蒙地区输送的沙尘气溶胶是华北区域重要的冰核来源,可被垂直输送至云顶以上3200 m高度,并通过改变冰晶形成过程影响云顶温度(-6~-3℃)较高的积云性层积云微物理结构。在相同温度下,沙尘云中冰晶平均数浓度较清洁云增加近10倍,液态水含量减少约1倍,云中形成大量小冰晶粒子,凇附过程受到抑制,降水粒子平均数浓度较清洁云中明显减少10倍以上,无论云滴、冰雪晶还是降水粒子谱宽均较清洁云明显变窄,并最终减弱降水,对华北区域的天气和气候产生重要影响。Aerosols influence cloud microphysical properties by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei.Aerosols have the potential to modify the location and intensity of precipitation by changing cloud properties.However,identifying precipitation changes induced by aerosols remains a significant challenge for current research.Dust aerosol carried by dust storms is an important source of ice nuclei.China and Mongolia are the primary desert regions in Asia and the world.The Mongolian cyclone in northern China is one of the significant weather systems that cause sandstorms in both countries.Studying the impact of dust aerosols on clouds under the weather conditions of Mongolian cyclones and sandstorms is of great significance.Due to challenges of aerial observations during dust storms,the impact of dust aerosols on clouds is minimal during Mongolian cyclone dust storms.In order to investigate the impact of dust aerosols on clouds,a study is conducted based on the comprehensive observation experiment of clouds in Beijing Area carried out by Beijing Weather Modification Center.An extremely rare case of strong sandstorm weather caused by a Mongolian cyclone and cold front is observed on 24 April 2009.The vertical macro and micro physical structure characteristics of dust cloud and clean cloud are compared and analyzed,and the potential influence of dust aerosols on clouds is discussed.Results show that dust aerosol transfers from China-Mongolia areas is an important source of ice nuclei in North China.It can be transfered vertically to a height of 3200 meters above the cloud top.The concentration of ice nuclei in the dust background area is significantly increased by 10 times compared to that in the clean background area.This increase further affects the microphysical structure of cumulus and stratocumulus clouds with high cloud top temperatures(-6℃to-3℃)by altering the process of ice crystal formation.At the same temperature,the average concentration of ice crystals in the dust cloud increases significantly by n

关 键 词：沙尘气溶胶 飞机观测 层积云 沙尘暴 蒙古气旋 

分 类 号：P425.55[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P412.24