蕹菜开花特性和繁育系统初探  

Preliminary study on flowering characteristics and breeding system ofwater spinach

作　　者：邹琴 谭舒婷 黄亚 郭笑影 王新月[1] 彭富星 陈雅维 艾辛 ZOU Qin;TAN Shuting;HUANG Ya;GUO Xiaoying;WANG Xinyue;PENG Fuxing;CHEN Yawei;AI Xin(Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding,Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province/College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]园艺作物种质创新与新品种选育教育部工程研究中心·蔬菜生物学湖南省重点实验室·湖南农业大学园艺学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2024年第5期133-141,共9页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：罗霄山区高山蔬菜产业关键技术研究与应用示范(2021YFD1600304)。

摘　　要：为解决蕹菜品种间花期不遇、有性杂交困难的问题,通过对渔场蕹菜、泰国大叶蕹菜、汝城蕹菜和长沙藤蕹4个蕹菜亲本的开花特性和繁育系统观测和11 h·d^(-1)短日照调控蕹菜品种的花期,并开展了蕹菜品种间有性杂交。结果表明,蕹菜自然光周期条件下现蕾期为8—11月份,刈割发芽后短日照诱导11~13 d现蕾,现蕾至开花11 d左右,单花开放时间约12 h;开花当天09:00—13:00花粉活力最高,11:00—13:00柱头可授性最强;渔场蕹菜和长沙藤蕹花粉/胚珠比(P/O值)、杂交指数(OCI值)基本一致,但长沙藤蕹在控制授粉试验中表现为自交不结实;花粉粒为球状或帽状,表面布满尖刺;以籽蕹品种为母本的杂交结实率最高可达75.00%,结籽率高;长沙藤蕹为母本的杂交结实率最高可达6.00%,结籽率为0。综合分析表明,蕹菜繁育系统倾向于异交混合交配型,11 h·d^(-1)短日照处理可以实现蕹菜品种间花期相遇,蕹菜品种间杂交亲和,但长沙藤蕹有可能丧失了结籽能力。In order to solve the problem of infertility during flowering period and difficulty in sexual hybridization among water spinach varieties,the flowering characteristics and breeding system of four water spinach parents,namely Yuchang water spinach,Thai water spinach with large leaves,Rucheng water spinach,Changsha vine water spinach were observed,and the flowering period between water spinach varieties was regulated by 11 h·d^(-1) short day light.Sexual hybridization research was also conducted among water spinach varieties.The results showed that under natural photoperiod conditions,the budding period of water spinach was from August to November.After cutting and sprouting,short day light induced budding for 11 to 13 days,and the budding period lasted for about 11 days until flowering,with a single flower opening time of about 12 hours.On the day of flowering,from 09:00 to 13:00,the pollen vitality was highest,and from 11:00 to 13:00,the stigma had the strongest receptivity.The P/O value and OCI value of Yuchang water spinach are basically the same as those of Changsha vine water spinach,but Changsha vine water spinach showed poor self pollination in the controlled pollination experiment.The pollen grains are spherical or cap shaped,with a surface covered with spikes.The hybrid seed setting rate using the seed water spinach variety as the maternal parent can reach to 75.00%,with a high seed setting rate.The hybrid fruiting rate of Changsha vine water spinach as the female parent can reach to 6.00%,and the seed setting rate is 0.Based on comprehensive analysis,it can be concluded that the water spinach breeding system tends to be a hybrid mating type,and the 11 h·d^(-1) short day treatment can achieve the encounter of flowering periods among water spinach varieties.The hybridization between water spinach varieties is compatible,but Changsha vine water spinach may have lost its ability to bear seeds.

关 键 词：蕹菜 光周期 花部特征 繁育系统 花粉活力 柱头可授性 杂交育种 

分 类 号：S636.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]